Electrochemical detection of Cd(<scp>ii</scp>) ions in complex matrices with nanopipets

Ahmed, Muzammil M. N.; Bodowara, Faieza S.; Wendy, Zhou; Penteado, Juliana F.; Smeltz, Jessica L.; Pathirathna, Pavithra

doi:10.1039/d1ra07655h

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 33 publications

(42 reference statements)

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“…Similarly, Singh and colleagues have developed a bioconjugated reduced graphene oxide-based nanocomposite for the electrochemical detection of cadmium in water using differential pulse voltammetry [ 17 ]. Furthermore, the Pathirathna group have reported a nanopipette capable of detecting cadmium in water samples via ion transfer at the interface between two immiscible electrolyte solutions [ 18 ]. While these in vitro studies exhibit promising results with non-biological samples, there is a notable gap in the literature concerning studies on a sensor capable of detecting ultra-low concentrations of cadmium ions in biological samples with a suitablee high temporal resolution for in vivo measurements.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gold Nanoparticle-Modified Carbon-Fiber Microelectrodes for the Electrochemical Detection of Cd2+ via Fast-Scan Cyclic Voltammetry

Manring,

Strini,

Koifman

et al. 2024

Micromachines

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Neurotoxic heavy metals, such as Cd2+, pose a significant global health concern due to their increased environmental contamination and subsequent detrimental health hazards they pose to human beings. These metal ions can breach the blood-brain barrierblood–brain barrier, leading to severe and often irreversible damage to the central nervous system and other vital organs. Therefore, developing a highly sensitive, robust, and rapid in vivo detection method for these hazardous heavy metal ions is of the utmost importance for early detection, thus initiating timely therapeutics. Detecting ultra-low levels of toxic metal ions in vivo and obtaining accurate speciation information remains a challenge with conventional analytical techniques. In this study, we fabricated a novel carbon carbon-fiber microelectrode (CFM)-based sensor that can detect Cd2+ ions using fast-scan cyclic voltammetry by electrodepositing gold nanoparticles (AuNP). We optimized electrochemical parameters that generate a unique cyclic voltammogram (CV) of Cd2+ at a temporal resolution of 100 ms with our novel sensor. All our experiments were performed in tris buffer that mimics the artificial cerebellum fluid. We established a calibration curve resulting in a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.01 µM with a corresponding sensitivity of 418.02 nA/ µM. The sensor’s selectivity was evaluated in the presence of other metal ions, and it was noteworthy to observe that the sensor retained its ability to produce the distinctive Cd2+ CV, even when the concentration of other metal ions was 200 times higher than that of Cd2+. We also found that our sensor could detect free Cd2+ ions in the presence of complexing agents. Furthermore, we analyzed the solution chemistry of each of those Cd2+–ligand solutions using a geochemical model, PHREEQC. The concentrations of free Cd2+ ions determined through our electrochemical data align well with geochemical modeling data, thus validating the response of our novel sensor. Furthermore, we reassessed our sensor’s LOD in tris buffer based on the concentration of free Cd2+ ions determined through PHREEQC analysis, revealing an LOD of 0.00132 µM. We also demonstrated the capability of our sensor to detect Cd2+ ions in artificial urine samples, showcasing its potential for application in actual biological samples. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first AuNP-modified, CFM-based Cd2+ sensor capable of detecting ultra-low concentrations of free Cd2+ ions in different complex matrices, including artificial urine at a temporal resolution of 100 ms, making it an excellent analytical tool for future real-time, in vivo detection, particularly in the brain.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gold Nanoparticle-Modified Carbon-Fiber Microelectrodes for the Electrochemical Detection of Cd2+ via Fast-Scan Cyclic Voltammetry

Manring,

Strini,

Koifman

et al. 2024

Micromachines

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“…An interface between two immiscible electrolyte solutions (ITIES) is a unique electrode, capable of detecting a wide range of electroactive chemical species regardless of their classification as redox-active or redox-inactive. − ITIES electrodes have become more prevalent in analytical science due to their sensitivity beyond redox-active analytes and their ease of fabrication down to the nanoscale, , allowing for high spatial resolution which enables single-entity and nanostructure studies. − Electrochemistry at the ITIES has enabled researchers to probe fundamental mechanistic processes ,,− and a wide range of applications, including catalysis, − cellular studies, − ,,,,− heavy metal detection, − pharmacological studies, ,− …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interface between Two Immiscible Electrolyte Solutions Electrodes for Chemical Analysis

et al. 2022

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The interface between two immiscible electrolyte solutions (ITIES) plays vital roles in various fields, such as neuroscience, environmental science, analytical chemistry, separation, catalysis, and nanoparticle synthesis. ITIES emerges as a unique approach in chemical analysis due to its sensitivity to both redox-active and redox-inactive analytes. Neurotransmitters, metal ions, drug molecules, and other complex molecules such as proteins have been detected using ITIES. The detection of redox-inactive species at the ITIES has opened a door to understanding a wide range of complex systems that are less suited to probing by solid electrodes. In this feature article, we present the history of electrochemistry at the ITIES; charge transfer reactions, thermodynamics, and kinetics at the ITIES; electrode−solution interfacial structure; and a diverse range of applications enabled by ITIES.

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Design of a novel nanosensor based on nanocomposite hydrogel composed of a PVA-poly(aniline-co-pyrrole) conducting copolymer-(PbO-doped NiO)-OXSWCNTs-coated QCM for rapid detection of cd (II) ions

Katowah,

Ismail,

Alzahrani

et al. 2024

J Mater Sci: Mater Electron

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Electrochemical detection of Cd(ii) ions in complex matrices with nanopipets

Abstract: A nanopipet electrochemical sensor was successfully utilized to detect free Cd(ll) ions in complicated matrices and real environmental water samples.

Cited by 6 publications

References 33 publications

Gold Nanoparticle-Modified Carbon-Fiber Microelectrodes for the Electrochemical Detection of Cd2+ via Fast-Scan Cyclic Voltammetry

Gold Nanoparticle-Modified Carbon-Fiber Microelectrodes for the Electrochemical Detection of Cd2+ via Fast-Scan Cyclic Voltammetry

Interface between Two Immiscible Electrolyte Solutions Electrodes for Chemical Analysis

Design of a novel nanosensor based on nanocomposite hydrogel composed of a PVA-poly(aniline-co-pyrrole) conducting copolymer-(PbO-doped NiO)-OXSWCNTs-coated QCM for rapid detection of cd (II) ions

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