Electrochemical Detection of Benzodiazepines, Following Liquid Chromatography, for Applications in Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Forensic Investigations

Honeychurch, Kevin C.; Hart, John P.

doi:10.5640/insc.040101

Cited by 19 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 65 publications

(46 reference statements)

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“…Indeed, other researchers reported sediment drug concentrations that were in the same range as reported in this work. [44][45][46] It is also important to note that 0.4 g of sediment was used in the present work. The amount of sediment could be increased and consequently, better LODs could be achieved.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A rapid screening method for the detection of benzodiazepine drugs in environmental samples by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry

Nunes¹,

Komatsu²,

Perreault³

et al. 2020

Rev. Virtual Quim.

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Resumo: Benzodiazepínicos (BDZs) são considerados contaminantes de preocupação emergente e têm sido frequentemente encontrados em ambientes aquáticos. Devido à possível ecotoxicidade destes compostos, se faz necessário avaliar sua presença e distribuição no ambiente aquático. O presente trabalho traz uma introdução ao MALDI-TOF para a determinação qualitativa rápida de benzodiazepínicos em amostras de água e sedimentos. A extração dos BDZs da água foi feita pelo métdo QuEChERS (quick easy cheap effective rugged and safe) e uma extração sólido-líquida foi usada para amostras de sedimentos. Um procedimento de limpeza (cleanup) adaptado com ponteiras de 200 µL e cinco camadas de discos de extração sólida (EmporeTM 2215-C18 C18 (octadecyl) 47 mm (3M, London, On)) e a extração sólido-líquida foram eficientes e picos com adequada relação sinal-ruído foram obtidos para o alprazolam (ALP) e diazepam (DIAZ) em amostras enriquecidas. O método não foi sensível para o clonazepam (CLO). Os limites de detecção para o DIAZ e ALP em água de rio foram de 2,5 e 5,0 µg/L respectivamente. Nas amostras de sedimentos, os limites de detecção alcançados foram de 40 ng/g para ambas as drogas.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A rapid screening method for the detection of benzodiazepine drugs in environmental samples by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry

Nunes¹,

Komatsu²,

Perreault³

et al. 2020

Rev. Virtual Quim.

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“…The subject is divided into two main areas, polarographic and voltammetric applications, including details of methodology, design, and performance of selected applications. Those utilising liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection have been reviewed recently [30]. Discussion is focused on research papers published in the past 12 years.…”

Section: Electrochemical Behaviour Of Benzodiazepinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Electroanalytical-Based Approaches for the Determination of Benzodiazepines

Honeychurch

2019

Biosensors

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The benzodiazepine class of drugs are characterised by a readily electrochemically reducible azomethine group. A number are also substituted by other electrochemically active nitro, N-oxide, and carbonyl groups, making them readily accessible to electrochemical determination. Techniques such as polarography, voltammetry, and potentiometry have been employed for pharmaceutical and biomedical samples, requiring little sample preparation. This review describes current developments in the design and applications of electrochemical-based approaches for the determination of the benzodiazepine class of drugs form their introduction in the early 1960s to 2019. Throughout this period, state-of-the-art electroanalytical techniques have been reported for their determination. Polarography was first employed focused on mechanistic investigations. Subsequent studies showed the adsorption of many the benzodiazepines at Hg electrodes allowed for the highly sensitive technique of adsorptive stripping voltammetry to be employed. The development and introduction of other working electrode materials such as carbon led to techniques such as voltammetry to become commonly reported, and the modification of these electrodes has now become the most commonly employed approach using molecularly imprinting and nanotechnology.

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“…The LC ED determination of benzodiazepines has recently been review [68] and has been shown to be a highly sensitive and selective approach. A number of further investigations have been reported since this review in 2014.…”

Section: Benzodiazepinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review: The Application of Liquid Chromatography Electrochemical Detection for the Determination of Drugs of Abuse

Honeychurch

2016

Separations

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This review (4 tables, 88 references) describes current developments in the design and application of liquid chromatography electrochemical detection (LC ED) based approaches for the determination of drugs of abuse. Specific emphasis is placed on operating details and performance characteristics for selected applications. LC ED has been shown to be highly sensitive and specific as well being a more economic option. A wide range of abused substances have been determined using this approach, including: cannabinoids, ethanol, opiates, morphine, mushroom toxins, benzodiazepines and several legal highs. Reverse-phase liquid chromatography with either amperometric or coulometric determination has been the most commonly reported applications. However, coulometric arrays have been also reported. Detection limits in the ng/mL region have been reported for most target analytes.

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Electrochemical Detection of Benzodiazepines, Following Liquid Chromatography, for Applications in Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Forensic Investigations

Cited by 19 publications

References 65 publications

A rapid screening method for the detection of benzodiazepine drugs in environmental samples by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry

A rapid screening method for the detection of benzodiazepine drugs in environmental samples by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry

Review of Electroanalytical-Based Approaches for the Determination of Benzodiazepines

Review: The Application of Liquid Chromatography Electrochemical Detection for the Determination of Drugs of Abuse

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