Electrochemical Detection of Alpha-Fetoprotein Based on Black Phosphorus Nanosheets Modification with Iron Ions

Abstract

Black phosphorus nanosheets (BPNSs) were synthesized with liquid exfoliation combined with the ultrasonic method and loaded with Fe3+ by simply mixing. The morphology, structure and electrochemical properties of the synthesized Fe3+/BPNSs were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and cyclic voltammetry (CV), etc. The load of Fe3+ can improve the electrochemical performance of BPNSs and enhance the sensitivity of the detection. Additionally, Fe3+/BPNSs display good biocompatibility. In this study, immunosensors based on Fe3+/BPNSs were constructed to detect alpha-fetoprotein (AFP). The detection is due to the specific binding between the AFP antigen and antibody on the surface of the immunosensors, which can reduce the current response of Fe3+/BPNSs. The immunosensors have a good linear relationship in the range of 0.005 ng·mL−1 to 50 ng·mL−1, and the detection limit is 1.2 pg·mL−1. The results show that surface modification with metal ions is a simple and effective way to improve the electrochemical properties of BPNSs, which will broaden the prospects for the future application of BPNSs in the electrochemical field.

Review—Electrochemical Biosensors for Alpha-Fetoprotein Detection: Recent Advances and Future Perspectives

“…The continuous development of electrochemical biosensors for AFP detection opens up intriguing possibilities for personalized medicine, in which personalized diagnosis and therapy can be based on an individual's biomarker profile. 50 Early diagnosis of primary liver cancer.-The prevalence of primary liver cancer, including menacing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), is a formidable global health threat. Detecting HCC is the cornerstone of effective treatment and increased patient survival.…”

“…In 2022, Chen et al 50 used liquid exfoliation and ultrasonic techniques to create black phosphorus nanosheets (BPNS) and Fe 3+ to add iron. Techniques such as TEM, AFM, Raman spectroscopy, XPS, and CV were used to study the morphology, structure, and electrochemical characteristics of the resulting Fe3 + /BPNSs.…”

A Flexible Broadband Visible Light Plasmon‐Absorber Based on a 2D Monolayer of Au‐Nanoparticle/TiO2‐Nanowire Core–Shell Heterostructures

“…[3,4] Hence, early detection of the abnormal elevation of AFP concentration is critical for early diagnosis of HCC. At present, various techniques, including surfaceenhanced Raman scattering (SERS), [5][6][7] enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), [8,9] electrochemiluminescence immunoassay, [10,11] and electrochemical detection, [12,13] have been developed for the analysis of biological and chemical molecules. These methods are confirmed to realize sensitive detection and high accuracy.…”