Electrochemical deposition of indium: nucleation mode and diffusional limitation

Rakhymbay, Gulmira; Nauryzbayev, Mikhail; Burkitbayeva, B. D.; Argimbaeva, Akmaral; Jumanova, Raigul; Kurbatov, Andrey; Eyraud, Marielle; Knauth, Philippe; Vacandio, Florence

doi:10.1134/s1023193516020087

Cited by 12 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Due to the difference in experimental conditions, the calculated results are close to those of other studies ( Rakhymbay et al, 2016 ; Ciro et al, 2021 ). The process by which In 3+ is reduced at the Ti electrode surface to form indium nuclei can be derived from the current timing curves at different potentials ( Chung and Lee, 2013 ).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 86%

“…Under the action of electric field forces, In 3+ migrates from the anodic region to the cathodic area, where it is reduced to In by getting three electrons at the cathode. Therefore, indium is diminished by an irreversible reaction of three electrons in one step, with a reduction potential between −0.65 V and −0.72 V and an oxidation potential between −0.42 V and −0.45 V ( Rakhymbay et al, 2016 ; Liu et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…High-purity indium is mainly used in semiconductors, fluorescent materials, ITO films, and photovoltaic solar cells ( Xu et al, 2021 ; Luo et al, 2022 ). In addition, high purity indium has become the top classification of critical materials due to its wide application, such as liquid crystal displays and light-emitting diodes ( Fontana et al, 2015 ; Rakhymbay et al, 2016 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ciro et al ( 2020 ) examined the indium electrode process using different metals as cathodes and concluded that Ni and SS are the most suitable cathode carriers. Rakhymbay et al ( 2016 ) studied the deposition mechanism of indium by the electrochemical method and calculated the diffusion coefficient and diffusion activation energy. Pettit et al ( 2002 ) researched the kinetics of indium deposition on molybdenum substrates and concluded that SHG and FFT-EIS can be used to investigate electrodeposition surface modification processes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electrochemical Mechanism of the Preparation of High-Purity Indium by Electrodeposition

Hou

Wang

et al. 2022

Front. Chem.

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Indium is a crucial material and is widely used in high-tech industries, and electrodeposition is an efficient method to recover rare metal resources. In this work, the electrochemical behavior of In3+ was investigated by using different electrochemical methods in electrolytes containing sodium and indium sulfate. Cyclic voltammetry (CV), chronoamperometry (CA), and alternating current impedance (EIS) techniques were used to investigate the reduction reaction of In3+ and the electrocrystallization mechanism of indium in the indium sulfate system. The cyclic voltammetry results showed that the electrodeposition process is irreversible. The average charge transfer coefficient a of In3+ was calculated to be 0.116 from the relationship between the cathodic peak potential and the half-peak potential, and the H+ discharge occurred at a higher negative potential of In3+. The nucleation mechanism of indium electrodeposition was analyzed by chronoamperometry. The mechanism of indium at potential steps of −0.3 to −0.6 V was close to diffusion-controlled instantaneous nucleation with a diffusion coefficient of 7.31 × 10−9 cm2 s−1. The EIS results demonstrated that the reduction process of In3+ is subject to a diffusion-controlled step when pH = 2.5 and the applied potential was −0.5 V. SEM and XRD techniques indicated that the cathodic products deposited on the titanium electrode have excellent cleanliness and purity.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electrochemical Mechanism of the Preparation of High-Purity Indium by Electrodeposition

Hou

Wang

et al. 2022

Front. Chem.

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“…Electrodeposition of indium has been comprehensively investigated on solid electrodes such as platinum, glassy carbon electrode, nickel, tungsten, molybdenum and copper [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. This great interest is due to the practical application of indium, namely, the production of an ultrapure metal with subsequent use in the preparation of various semiconductor alloys.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of tetrabutylammonium chloride on the electrodeposition of indium from chloride solution on a glassy carbon electrode

Avchukir

Burkitbayeva

Vacandio

et al. 2019

Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry

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In this paper, the electrochemical reduction of indium on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) in a chloride electrolyte in the presence of tetrabutylammonium chloride (TBACh) was studied using the rotating disk electrode method, chronoamperometry and scanning electron microscopy. It was found that the addition of TBACh inhibits the electroreduction of indium by increasing the activation energy of the process by 17 kJ mol-1 , and also shows leveling action at its low concentrations. The diffusion coefficient of indium (III) ions found from Levich equation at 25°C, was 4.93× 10-6 cm 2 s-1. The In 3+ diffusion coefficient determined using the Levich equation are consistent with the values determined by the Cottrell law and universal Stokes-Einstein equation. The addition of 10-4 M TBACh to the electrolyte reduces the diffusion coefficient to 2.13× 10-6 cm 2 s-1 .

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Electrochemical behavior of In–DTPA complexes: anodic dissolution, cathodic reduction, and electrochemical nucleation

Bekey,

Badavamova,

Vacandio

et al. 2023

J Solid State Electrochem

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Electrochemical deposition of indium: nucleation mode and diffusional limitation

Cited by 12 publications

References 28 publications

Electrochemical Mechanism of the Preparation of High-Purity Indium by Electrodeposition

Electrochemical Mechanism of the Preparation of High-Purity Indium by Electrodeposition

Influence of tetrabutylammonium chloride on the electrodeposition of indium from chloride solution on a glassy carbon electrode

Electrochemical behavior of In–DTPA complexes: anodic dissolution, cathodic reduction, and electrochemical nucleation

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