Electrochemical deposition of black nickel solar absorber coatings on stainless steel AISI316L for thermal solar cells

Lira‐Cantú, Mónica; Morales, Ángel; Brustenga, Alex; Gómez‐Romero, Pedro

doi:10.1016/j.solmat.2004.07.045

Cited by 70 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 6 publications

(3 reference statements)

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“…These features, as an ideal source to emit or absorb radiation, make the black body valuable for many applications. For example, because the black body efficiently converts light to heat, it has great importance to solar energy collectors (2)(3)(4)(5) and infrared thermal detectors, such as pyroelectric sensors (6)(7)(8). As a perfect emitter of radiation, a hot material with black body behavior would create an efficient infrared heater and would be valuable for heat liberation (9), particularly in space or in a vacuum where convective cooling is negligible.…”

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confidence: 99%

A black body absorber from vertically aligned single-walled carbon nanotubes

Mizuno

Ishii

Kishida

et al. 2009

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

689

471

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Among all known materials, we found that a forest of vertically aligned single-walled carbon nanotubes behaves most similarly to a black body, a theoretical material that absorbs all incident light. A requirement for an object to behave as a black body is to perfectly absorb light of all wavelengths. This important feature has not been observed for real materials because materials intrinsically have specific absorption bands because of their structure and composition. We found a material that can absorb light almost perfectly across a very wide spectral range (0.2-200 m). We attribute this black body behavior to stem from the sparseness and imperfect alignment of the vertical single-walled carbon nanotubes.absorbance ͉ emissivity ͉ reflectance A black body is a theoretical object that absorbs all light that falls on it, because no light is transmitted or reflected (1). As a result, it appears perfectly black at room temperature and is the most efficient thermal absorber and emitter because any object at thermal equilibrium will emit the same amount of light as it absorbs at every wavelength. The radiation spectrum of a black body is determined solely by the temperature and not by the material, properties, and structure. These features, as an ideal source to emit or absorb radiation, make the black body valuable for many applications. For example, because the black body efficiently converts light to heat, it has great importance to solar energy collectors (2-5) and infrared thermal detectors, such as pyroelectric sensors (6-8). As a perfect emitter of radiation, a hot material with black body behavior would create an efficient infrared heater and would be valuable for heat liberation (9), particularly in space or in a vacuum where convective cooling is negligible.A requirement for an object to behave as a black body is that it perfectly absorbs light of all wavelengths; yet, in reality, black bodies do not exist. Emissivity is a measure of how similar an object is to a black body and is defined as the ratio of the energy radiated by that object and by a black body. Therefore, a black body would possess emissivity of unity for all wavelengths. This important feature has not been observed for real materials because materials intrinsically have specific absorption bands because of their structure and composition, and thus, the emissivity of any real object is less than unity and is wavelength dependent.A good approximation of a black body is a cavity; however, this structure limits its utility. A material exhibiting black body behavior would solve this structural limitation and increase its practical usefulness. Hence, various processes and materials have been developed to blacken the surface by chemical treatment (10, 11), plating (4-6), and painting (8). Despite these efforts, emissivities for black coatings (Astro Black), chemically treated black surfaces (Hino Black), and microscale needle-like structure of nickel-phosphorus alloy (Anritsu Black) can be as high as 0.96 at 5-9 m but decreases notably at Ͼ9 m (Fig...

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

A black body absorber from vertically aligned single-walled carbon nanotubes

Mizuno

Ishii

Kishida

et al. 2009

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

689

471

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“…The composition of the black deposit resulted from nickel-and sodium chloride solution has been reported in literature [6,7] and consists mainly of nickel, but also NiO and Ni 2 O 3 are present. Our results confirm the influence of pH: a strongly acidic bath is favourable to the bright nickel deposition, while a slightly acidic medium allow the formation of nickel and nickel oxides.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…The electrochemical bath composition was optimized based on previously reported recipes [7,9,10] For the solutions with pH = 1, two peaks are showed. The peak at +0.44 V (peak I) is associated with the following oxidation equations:…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electrochemical deposition of Ni‐based thin film cermets using polymeric additives

Duţă

Bogatu

Chiţanu

et al. 2008

Phys. Status Solidi (c)

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This paper presents the synthesis and characterisation of Ni/NiOx cermets obtained via electrochemical deposition. Electrolytic baths based on nickel chloride were tested and the influence of the nickel precursor type and concentration, pH, ionic strength and additives was discussed. The optimal electrochemical deposition parameters were obtained in voltammetry studies. The AFM images were used for morphology characterisation, X‐Ray Diffraction (XRD) for structural analysis and respectively UV‐VIS‐IR spectroscopy for the optical measurements. Structural analyses have shown that the films consist mainly of crystalline Ni and amorphous oxidic nickel structures. To control the sample morphology, copolymers of maleic anhydride (vinyl acetate/methyl methacrylate) were added in the electrolytic bath. The use of hydrophilic polymer leads to better results in terms of optical properties and morphology of the electrodeposited films. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

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“…For the absorbing layer, electroplated black chrome [7,8], black nickel [9,10], and cermets [11][12][13] are among the most used materials. Techniques like anodization, electroplating, sputtering, spin-coating, chemical and physical vapor deposition are or have been utilized to fabricate absorbing coatings.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrophoretically deposited carbon nanotube spectrally selective solar absorbers

Chen

Boström

2016

Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells

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Three types of carbon nanotubes (CNT) have been investigated regarding their suitability as spectrally selective solar thermal absorbers. The CNT coatings were electrophoretically deposited on aluminum substrates using kinetically stable CNT aqueous suspensions, of which two CNT aqueous suspensions (N-CNT and P-CNT suspensions) were prepared as part of this study and the third one (T-CNT suspension) was purchased. The CNT suspension systems are simple and consist of only CNTs, DI water and a cathodic surfactant. Heat treated CNT coatings are visibly uniform. The CNT coating thickness, surface morphology and reflectance of CNT absorbers were characterized by White Light Interferometry, Scanning Electron Microscopy and Spectrophotometry, respectively. T-CNT absorber achieved a solar absorptance α of 0.79 and a thermal emittance ε of 0.14. N-and P-CNT absorbers achieved better spectral selectivity, with α=0.90 and ε=0.14 for N-CNT absorber, α=0.90 and ε=0.13 for P-CNT absorber. The effect of CNT coating thickness, deposition parameters and peak heat treatment temperature on the spectral selectivity were studied. For these CNT suspension systems, the thickness and the heat treatment peak temperature are the key factors to achieving a good spectral selectivity.

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Electrochemical deposition of black nickel solar absorber coatings on stainless steel AISI316L for thermal solar cells

Cited by 70 publications

References 6 publications

A black body absorber from vertically aligned single-walled carbon nanotubes

A black body absorber from vertically aligned single-walled carbon nanotubes

Electrochemical deposition of Ni‐based thin film cermets using polymeric additives

Electrophoretically deposited carbon nanotube spectrally selective solar absorbers

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