Electrochemical deposition of Al on semiconductors

Laperashvili, Tinatin; Khachidze, Manana; Imerlishvili, Iliy

doi:10.1117/12.469746

Cited by 1 publication

(16 citation statements)

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“…Here the quantity U p is given by Eq. (29) in which the link variables U( s s ) are complex numbers with their moduli equal to unity, i.e.,…”

Section: The Path Integralmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…But in Refs. [22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29] instead of using the lattice or Wilson loop cut-off we have considered the Higgs Monopole Model (HMM) approximating the lattice artifact monopoles as fundamental point-like particles described by the Higgs scalar fields. Considering the renormalization group improvement of the effective Coleman-Weinberg potential [36,37], written in Ref.…”

Section: The Higgs Monopole Model and Phase Transitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It was shown in Refs. [22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29] that one can crudely calculate the phase transition couplings without using any specific lattice, rather only approximating the lattice artifact monopoles as fundamental (point-like) magnetically charged particles condensing. Thus, the details of the lattice -hypercubic or random, with multiplaquette terms or without them, etc., -also the details of the regularization -lattice or Wilson loops, lattice or the Higgs monopole model -do not matter for values of the phase transition couplings so much.…”

Section: Approximate Universality Of the Critical Coupling Constantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast to the method given in Ref. [99], there exists a simple way [29] to obtain Eq. (199) for single electric and magnetic charges of the same type (scalar or fermionic).…”

Section: "Gravitational Fine Structure Constant" Evolutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Refs. [22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30] the MPP was applied to the investigation of phase transitions in the regularized gauge theories. A tiny order of magnitude of the cosmological constant was explained in a model involving supersymmetry breaking in N=1 supergravity and MPP [31,32].…”

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confidence: 99%

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Phase Transition in Gauge Theories, Monopoles and the Multiple Point Principle

Das

Лаперашвили

2005

Int. J. Mod. Phys. A

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This review is devoted to the Multiple Point Principle (MPP), according to which several vacuum states with the same energy density exist in Nature. The MPP is implemented to the Standard Model (SM), Family replicated gauge group model (FRGGM) and phase transitions in gauge theories with/without monopoles. Using renormalization group equations for the SM, the effective potential in the two-loop approximation is investigated, and the existence of its postulated second minimum at the fundamental scale is confirmed. Phase transitions in the lattice gauge theories are reviewed. The lattice results for critical coupling constants are compared with those of the Higgs monopole model, in which the lattice artifact monopoles are replaced by the point-like Higgs scalar particles with magnetic charge. Considering our (3 + 1)-dimensional space-time as, in some way, discrete or imagining it as a lattice with a parameter a = λ P , where λ P is the Planck length, we have investigated the additional contributions of monopoles to the β-functions of renormalization group equations for running fine structure constants α i (µ) (i = 1, 2, 3 correspond to the U (1), SU (2) and SU (3) gauge groups of the SM) in the FRGGM extended beyond the SM at high energies. It is shown that monopoles have N f am times smaller magnetic charge in the FRGGM than in the SM (N f am is a number of families in the FRGGM). We have estimated also the enlargement of a number of fermions in the FRGGM leading to the suppression of the asymptotic freedom in the non-Abelian theory. We have reviewed that, in contrast to the case of the Anti-grand unified theory (AGUT), there exists a possibility of unification of all gauge interactions (including gravity) near the Planck scale due to monopoles. The possibility of the [SU (5)] 3 or [SO(10)] 3 unification at the GUT-scale ∼ 10 18 GeV is briefly considered.

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“…Here the quantity U p is given by Eq. (29) in which the link variables U( s s ) are complex numbers with their moduli equal to unity, i.e.,…”

Section: The Path Integralmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Higgs Monopole Model and Phase Transitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Approximate Universality Of the Critical Coupling Constantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast to the method given in Ref. [99], there exists a simple way [29] to obtain Eq. (199) for single electric and magnetic charges of the same type (scalar or fermionic).…”

Section: "Gravitational Fine Structure Constant" Evolutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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