Electrochemical Degradation of Triclosan at a Ti/SnO₂‐Sb/Ce‐PbO₂ Anode

Abstract

Electrochemical degradation of an emerging contaminant, triclosan (5‐chloro‐2‐(2,4‐dichlorophenoxy) phenol) by a Ti/SnO2‐Sb/Ce‐PbO2 anode was investigated. The degradation efficiency attained >99.9% during 5 min of electrolysis at all influential factors, i.e., applied current density (2–10 mA/cm2), pH 3–11, inter‐electrode distance (1–4 cm), initial concentration (0.5–5 mg/L triclosan) and supporting electrolyte (10 mmol/L NaCl). Total organic carbon removal ratio achieved 79.7% at the optimal conditions after 2 min of electrolysis. The electrochemical degradation of triclosan followed pseudo‐first‐order kinetics. The intermediate products namely 2,4‐dichlorophenol, 5‐chloro‐3‐(chlorohydroquinone) phenol and 2‐chloro‐5‐(2,4‐dichlorophenoxy) benzene‐1,4‐diol were prominently detected using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. A degradation mechanism of triclosan at the Ti/SnO2‐Sb/Ce‐PbO2 anode was proposed based on the intermediates. The energy consumption of triclosan (4 mg/L) degradation at different electrode distances (1–4 cm) was 0.466–2.225 kWh m−3. The Ti/SnO2‐Sb/Ce‐PbO2 anodes can be employed preliminary for rapid degradation of triclosan in wastewater.

Mechanistic Study and Multi‐Response Optimization of the Electrochemical Treatment of Petroleum Refinery Wastewater

“…EC degradation of wastewaters containing dyes, arsenic, phenolic compounds, poly‐aromatic organic compounds, sulfidic spent caustic, etc. is reported in the literature . Chen reviewed the fundamentals and applications of the EC methods for the treatment of wastewater containing suspended solids, oil and grease and organic and inorganic pollutants.…”

“…is reported in the literature. [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21] Chen [22] reviewed the fundamentals and applications of the EC methods for the treatment of wastewater containing suspended solids, oil and grease and organic and inorganic pollutants. The efficiency of the treatment depends on various process parameters such as conductivity, pH, type of electrode used, current density (j), and the types of the pollutants.…”

Efficient rhodamine B degradation using electro‐fenton process with PbO2‐coated titanium as the anode

“…Boron‐doped diamond (BDD) and Pt was wildly selected as anode in water treatment due to their high conductivity and O 2 ‐overpotential . However, because of the high cost of BDD and Pt, it was restricted to be applied in small scale only . …”

“…3, where MO x refer to anode) , hypochlorous acid (HClO), hypochlorite (ClO − ) (according to (Eqs. ) , ozone (O 3 ), or redox pair species like Cr (VI)/Cr (III) in indirect oxidation . …”

“…3, where MO x refer to anode) [27], hypochlorous acid (HClO), hypochlorite (ClO 2 ) (according to (Eqs. (1-3)) [17], ozone (O 3 ), or redox pair species like Cr (VI)/Cr (III) in indirect oxidation [28].…”