Electrochemical degradation of RB19 dye using low-frequency alternating current: effect of a square wave

Abstract

This study mainly aims to investigate the effects of alternating current (AC) on Remazol Brilliant Blue R (RB19) dye removal from aqueous solutions by an electrochemical (EC) process.

Continuous electrocoagulation treatment of pulp and paper mill wastewater: operating cost and sludge study

“…Various technologies such as adsorption, chemical coagulation, aerobic and anaerobic biological processes, advanced oxidation, electrocoagulation (EC), and membrane separation process are available for treatment wastewater. [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] Although, treatment of wastewater is easy in large paper producing mills, since they can afford modern facilities and expensive equipments however, small industries are unable to treat their wastewater properly due to nancial constraints. 2,26 Some of the small paper mills do not have any chemical recovery units (CRU) even now.…”

Removal of Dyes from Waste Solutions by Anodic Oxidation on an Array of Horizontal Graphite Rods Anodes

“…The data in Figure reveals that the % color removal declines as the initial concentration of the dyes increases depending on the dye structure. The influence of initial concentrations of dye on the kinetics of anodic oxidation appears in different ways, namely; (i) increasing the initial concentration of the dye leads to decreasing the ratio, the generation of the oxidizing agent depends on the current density, which is not changed during variation of the initial concentration of dyes, that is, hypochlorite becomes the limiting reactant; hence, decreases the % color removed at a given contact time under prespecified conditions. , (ii) dye molecules tend to associate at high concentration to form clusters of low diffusivity, thus decreasing dye diffusion rate to the anode surface. , …”

Effects of Low Frequency-Low Voltage Alternating Electric Current on Apoptosis Progression in Bioelectrical Reactor Biofilm

“…In addition, with voltage set at 8 Vpp and 0.2 V, the DHA and pollutant removal capacity was based on the AC frequencies and waveforms. Using AC (energetic and non-thermal) in the applied range compressed and transferred the electrical energy to the bacteria due to discharged electricity (Hoseinzadeh and Rezaee, 2015). However, at this voltage, the transfer caused the decomposition of target pollutants.…”

“…Whereas, the application of lower frequency pulses resulted in differing display times (s) and AC voltage or current waveforms, compared to those displayed at a higher frequency (360 vs. 60 s for 10 and 60 Hz, respectively). As the use of lower frequencies provided the advantage of lower losses (Hoseinzadeh and Rezaee, 2015), which are proportional to frequency, operation at 10 Hz can lead to operation below the required energy. In addition to the application of the AC voltage to the biofilm bacteria, the ibuprofen, used as the organic carbon source, can result in decreased bacterial viability.…”

“…Moreover, the lowest late apoptotic cell frequency was for sine waves with the CC electrode (Figure 9). The sine wave is the closest waveform to AC behavior (Hoseinzadeh and Rezaee, 2015;Hoseinzadeh et al, 2017bHoseinzadeh et al, ,c, 2018, and is unaffected by an electric circuit comprising a resistor, inductor, and capacitor. AC generation results in the sine wave and shape being unaffected by the components.…”