Electrochemical degradation of glyphosate formulations at DSA® anodes in chloride medium: an AOX formation study

Abstract

The electrochemical degradation of different glyphosate herbicide formulations on RuO 2 and IrO 2 DSA Ò electrodes is investigated. Parameters that could influence the formation of organochloride compounds during electrolysis are studied. The effects of chloride concentration, electrodic composition, current density, and electrolysis time are reported. The influence of the oxide composition on herbicide degradation seems to be almost insignificant; however, there is a straight relationship between anode composition and organic halides formation. Commercial herbicide formulations have lower degradation rates and lead to the formation of a larger quantities of organochloride compounds. In high chloride concentrations, there is a significant increase in organic mineralization, and the relationship between chloride concentration and organic halides formation is direct. Only in low chloride medium investigated the organochloride concentration obtained was below the limit values allowed in Brazil. The determination of organic halides absorbable (AOX) during electrolysis increases significantly with the applied current. Even during long-term electrolysis, a large amount of organochloride compounds is formed.

Electrochemical Degradation of Herbicide Diuron in the Presence and Absence of Chloride Medium Using DSA-Based Anodes

“…Therefore, the higher Ru-content, provided better oxidation performance. These results are similar previously reported data[1][2][3]. Considering application to large reactor devices, the Ti/Ru 0.3 Ti 0.7 O 2 compositions were selected for assessment of the effect of chlorine on the degradation rate.…”

A first pre‐pilot system for the combined treatment of dye pollutants by electrocoagulation/EAOPs

“…Alternatively, EO can be performed with the much less expensive dimensionally stable anodes (DSA) . RuO 2 and IrO 2 on Ti base metal act as good electrocatalysts for Cl 2 and O 2 evolution, respectively . It has been proven that Ru‐based anodes are more effective, although strong mineralization is only feasible in Cl − media due to the action of active chlorine formed via reaction .…”

Eletrodegradação de Ponceau 2R utilizando ânodos dimensionalmente estáveis e Ti/Pt

“…[1][2][3] Os métodos de degradação eletroquímica têm sido aplicados na eliminação de diversos compostos orgânicos, que, presentes na água, são considerados como poluentes, tais como: pesticidas, fármacos e corantes. [4][5][6] Os processos eletroquímicos apresentam como principal vantagem o uso de um "reagente limpo", o elétron, 7 uma vez que evitam a utilização de substâncias tóxicas ao meio ambiente, incluindo, desta maneira, os conceitos da Química Verde. Outras vantagens que podem ser ressaltadas ao se empregar os métodos de degradação eletroquímica são: a versatilidade, a alta eficiência energética, a operação simples e o baixo custo.…”