Electrochemical current-sensing atomic force microscopy in conductive solutions

Pobelov, Ilya V.; Mohos, Miklós; Yoshida, Kōji; Kolivoška, Viliam; Avdic, Amra; Lugstein, Alois; Bertagnolli, E.; Leonhardt, Kelly; Denuault, Guy; Gollas, Bernhard; Wandlowski, Thomas

doi:10.1088/0957-4484/24/11/115501

Cited by 34 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…In this work, we carried out CSAFM experiments334142 in solution and evaluated conductances and breaking forces at the different stages of elongation of Au-molecule(s)-Au junctions formed by symmetric tolane-type molecules (Figure 1) with two pyridyl (1,2-di(pyridin-4-yl)ethyne, PY2), dihydrobenzothiophene (1,2-bis(2,3-dihydrobenzo[ b ]thiophen-5-yl)ethyne, BT2), amine (4,4′-(ethyne-1,2-diyl)dianiline, NH 2 2), nitrile (4,4′-(ethyne-1,2-diyl)dibenzonitrile, CN2), and thiol (4,4′-(ethyne-1,2-diyl)dibenzenethiol, SH2) anchoring groups. Their conductance was recently characterised in STMBJ and MCBJ experiments2022.…”

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confidence: 99%

Correlation of breaking forces, conductances and geometries of molecular junctions

Yoshida

Pobelov

Manrique

et al. 2015

Sci Rep

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Electrical and mechanical properties of elongated gold-molecule-gold junctions formed by tolane-type molecules with different anchoring groups (pyridyl, thiol, amine, nitrile and dihydrobenzothiophene) were studied in current-sensing force spectroscopy experiments and density functional simulations. Correlations between forces, conductances and junction geometries demonstrate that aromatic tolanes bind between electrodes as single molecules or as weakly-conductive dimers held by mechanically-weak π − π stacking. In contrast with the other anchors that form only S-Au or N-Au bonds, the pyridyl ring also forms a highly-conductive cofacial link to the gold surface. Binding of multiple molecules creates junctions with higher conductances and mechanical strengths than the single-molecule ones.

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confidence: 99%

Correlation of breaking forces, conductances and geometries of molecular junctions

Yoshida

Pobelov

Manrique

et al. 2015

Sci Rep

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“…The topographical images generated using this type of probe typically have an exceptional lateral resolution owing to their highly sharpened imaging point. Wandlowski et al demonstrated the "current sensing" application of such probes at a gold band substrate, 54 although in this case the probe electrode was contacted to the surface throughout the entire experiment, such that the current measurement reected electron transfer taking place across the entire gold band structures rather than processes localised to the tip apex alone. current contrast, signal-to-noise) using such probes, and other variants, 34 have also been generally quite high although this in part relates to the relatively large electrode size (typically several hundred nm), which leads to large ($10 nA) currents and ultimately limits the spatial resolution of current mapping to the mm domain.…”

Section: Afm Positioningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combined electrochemical-topographical imaging: a critical review

O’Connell

Wain

2015

Anal. Methods

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The ability to characterise electrochemical interfaces on a localised scale has revolutionised our understanding of spatially heterogeneous surface processes. Advances in scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) over the past decade have not only permitted access to information at progressively smaller scales but have moreover enabled the simultaneous imaging of interfacial activity and surface topography. Such measurements play a key role in developing a better grasp of structure-activity relationships relevant to a wide range of applications in chemistry and biology. This review critically analyses the state-of-the-art in correlative electrochemical-topographical imaging, focusing on four predominant approaches to probe positional feedback: atomic force microscopy (AFM); shear-force; ion conductance; and electrochemical positioning. The relative advantages and disadvantages of each of these techniques is considered and their imaging characteristics critically compared, with a perspective on the potential for future improvement. Fig. 7 Shear-force SECM of an embedded diamond nanoelectrode measured in feedback mode. The position of the embedded electrode is clear from the electrochemical signal (a) but not on the topography (b). Images adapted with permission from ref. 96.

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“…Direct visualization of the electronic conductivity evolutions on different crystal faces enable better understanding the origin of polarization-dependent battery performance. Recently, new techniques have been developed to allow the Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) to be operated in liquid conditions [14][15][16][17], which can image the cathode materials at charging and discharging processes [18,19], thus providing the capability to directly probe the physical-chemical properties of the liquid/solid interface. Here we employed the in situ current-sensing Atomic Force Microscopy (CSAFM) to study the interfacial conductivity on the surface of LCO crystal grains and to probe the IMT on a certain crystal face.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insight into the intrinsic mechanism of improving electrochemical performance via constructing the preferred crystal orientation in lithium cobalt dioxide

Chen

Niu

Lin

et al. 2020

Chemical Engineering Journal

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Surface properties of cathode materials play important roles in the transport of lithium-ions/electrons and the formation of surface passivation layer. Optimizing the exposed crystal facets of cathode materials can promote the diffusion of lithium-ions and enhance cathode surface stability, which may ultimately dominate cathode's performance and stability in lithium-ion batteries. Here, polycrystalline LiCoO2 (LCO) thin films with (0003) and {101 " 1} preferred orientations were prepared as the well-defined model electrodes. In situ Current-Sensing Atomic Force Microscopy (CSAFM) was employed to investigate the lithium de-intercalation and electronic conductivity evolution of the (0003) and {101 " 1} facts in organic electrolyte at the nanoscale. It was found that the lithium deintercalation following a "Li-rich core model" in the LCO grains, and the LCO grains with (0003) crystal face show less conductivity than those with {101 " 1} faces. Moreover, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy characterization of the charged electrode surface indicates that a denser surface passivation layer is formed on {101 " 1} than that on (0003) crystal faces. This is caused by the lower adsorption energy of decomposition molecule on {101 " 1} crystal faces and higher work function (due to the surface atomic structure) for {101 " 1} crystal faces, as confirmed by Density Functional Theory (DFT) and Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) results. In addition, electrochemical measurements confirm that the thin film electrodes with {101 " 1} preferred orientation not only show smaller electrode polarization, but also more readily form a stable surface passivation layer compared with the (0003) preferred orientation. This work highlights the importance of cathode surface conductivity, and also suggests that the {101 " 1} facet atomic structure may thermodynamically promote the physical/chemical adsorption and decomposition of electrolyte.

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Electrochemical current-sensing atomic force microscopy in conductive solutions

Cited by 34 publications

References 42 publications

Correlation of breaking forces, conductances and geometries of molecular junctions

Correlation of breaking forces, conductances and geometries of molecular junctions

Combined electrochemical-topographical imaging: a critical review

Insight into the intrinsic mechanism of improving electrochemical performance via constructing the preferred crystal orientation in lithium cobalt dioxide

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