Electrochemical Chromatographic Determinations of Morphine Antagonists in Biological Fluids, with Applications

PRECLINICAL STUDY: A microdialysis study of extracellular levels of acamprosate and naltrexone in the rat brain following acute and repeated administration

“…Concentrations of naltrexone in microdialysis samples were determined by HPLC with electrochemical detection, modified from previous published procedures (Derendorf et al . 1984).…”

Electrochemical determination of naltrexone on the surface of glassy carbon electrode modified with Nafion-doped carbon nanoparticles: Application to determinations in pharmaceutical and clinical preparations

“…The mechanism of action in alcohol dependence is not fully understood, but as an opioid-receptor antagonist, it is likely to be due to the modulation of the dopaminergic mesolimbic which ethanol is believed to activate [15]. Due to clinical importance of NAL, it has been determined by using a variety of quantitative analytical methods including: thin layer chromatography (TLC) [16], gas chromatographic methods [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26], high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) with UV and electrochemical detection [27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37], LC-MS [38], liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry [39,40], chemiluminescence [41], flow-injection analysis with amperometric detection [42], spectrofluorimety [43], voltammetry on carbon paste electrode and its application in pharmaceutical preparation [44]. A nano-molar detection method based on fast Fourier transforms continuous cyclic voltammetry using gold ultra-microelectrode in a flow-injection system has been previously reported for the determination of NAL in pharmaceutical preparations [45].…”

Modification of Rectal Absorption of Morphine Hollow-Type Suppositories with a Combination of α‐Cyclodextrin and Viscosity-Enhancing Pol ysacc haride

“…The plasma level of morphine was assayed by HPLC according to the method reported. 15 The HPLC conditions were as follows: pump, Hitachi 655 (Tokyo, Japan); detector, electrochemical detector ECD-100 (Eicom Co. Ltd., Tokyo, Japan); column, Eicom packed column MA-5 ODS (Eicom Co. Ltd., Tokyo, Japan; 4.6 i.d. x 150 mm); mobile phase, 0.05 M citrate buffer (pH 4.25)-tetrahydrofuran (99:l in v/v %); flow rate, 1.0 mumin.…”