Electrochemical Characterizations on Si and C-Coated Si Particle Electrodes for Lithium-Ion Batteries

Liu, Wei‐Ren; Wang, Jen-Hao; Wu, Hung-Chun; Shieh, Deng-Tswen; Mo-hua, Yang; Wu, Nae‐Lih

doi:10.1149/1.1954967

Cited by 144 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…2b).The amount of carbon within the composite powder, as determined by the elemental analysis, was 29 wt.%. Previous Raman study has confirmed that the C coating produced under the present condition is partially (*50%) graphitic in nature [7]. Figure 3 compares the XRD patterns of the SiO powder before and after the C-coating process.…”

Section: Microstructural Characterizationsupporting

confidence: 66%

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Nano-porous SiO/carbon composite anode for lithium-ion batteries

Liu

Yen

et al. 2009

J Appl Electrochem

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Carbon-coating of sub-lm SiO particles (d max = 0.36 lm, d 50 = 0.69 lm) by a fluidized-bed chemical-vapor-deposition process has produced unique nano-porous SiO/C secondary particles within which the SiO primary particles are ''glued'' together by carbon to form a network that possesses randomly distributed pores with sizes in the nano-meter range and a bulk porosity of [30%. Upon lithiation/delithiation cycling in an organic Li-ion electrolyte, the electrode made of the SiO/C particles exhibited reduced polarization, smaller irreversible electrode expansion, and remarkably enhanced cycling performance, as compared with that of pristine SiO particles. The reduced electrode expansion exhibited by the SiO/ C electrode can be attributed to the combination of diluted SiO content and presence of pre-set voids, which could partially accommodate volume expansion arising from lithiation of the SiO primary particles. These effects render the SiO/C electrode structurally more robust than the SiO electrode against volumetric variations upon cycling.

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Section: Microstructural Characterizationsupporting

confidence: 66%

“…Among them, Si and Si-containing compounds are of great interest [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9], owing to their large potential specific capacities, low cost and environment-benign nature. In spite of these advantages, all these anode materials suffer from serious volumetric expansion and contraction during charge/discharge (C/D) cycling.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nano-porous SiO/carbon composite anode for lithium-ion batteries

Liu

Yen

et al. 2009

J Appl Electrochem

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“…͑Typi-cal C/D potential curves of the C-coated Si electrode can be found in Ref. 6.͒ The irreversible capacity of the first cycle is ϳ50 mAh/g, while it reduced to ϳ20 mAh/g after the fifth cycle. Accelerated fading, nevertheless, took place beyond the 50th cycle.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on Solid-Electrolyte-Interphase of Si and C-Coated Si Electrodes in Lithium Cells

Yen

Chao

et al. 2009

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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The solid-electrolyte-interphase ͑SEI͒ layers formed on the electrodes of pristine Si and carbon-coated Si ͑C-Si͒ particles in Li cells have been studied. The counter electrode is Li, and the electrolyte is LiPF 6 in the mixture of ethylene carbonate and ethyl methyl carbonate. Other than those, such as Li carbonates and fluoride, already known to the SEI of graphite electrode, there were detected significant amounts of SEI species unique to each of the Si electrodes. On the pristine Si electrode, there was concurrence of abundance of C and Si fluorides after long cycles. Coating the Si particles with a graphitized carbon layer has significant effects on the SEI formation. It helps to keep the Si particles remaining integrated after cycling, resulting in a smooth superficial SEI layer. It removes the native oxide layer not only to reduce humidity contamination but also to significantly change the SEI compositions. The SEI of the C-Si electrode shows the absence of Si and C fluorides but the presence of siloxane species. Reaction mechanisms leading to the formation of the fluoride and siloxane species have been proposed, elucidating an important role played by the native Si oxide layer. Si possesses a maximum capacity exceeding 3000 mAh/g for being a negative electrode for Li-ion batteries.1,2 Two issues are considered critical to realize this application. The first critical issue is the dramatic volume expansion and shrinkage of the Si particles during lithiation and delithiation, [3][4][5] respectively. Such cyclic volumetric variations tend to cause fast mechanical failure of the electrode structure, resulting in a very poor cycle life. A fairly large amount of literature adopting different approaches to enhance the structural robustness of the electrode has been dedicated to tackle this crucial problem. In the case of the conventional thick-film electrode made of particulate materials, for example, studies 3-8 have coated the Si particles with different conducting materials, which may serve either to enhance the conductivity of the electrode or to act as a buffer to partially accommodate the volumetric variations during cycling. In particular, coating with a carbon/graphite surface layer 3-6 has shown a significant beneficial effect on enhancing cycle life.The second critical issue is the properties of the surface layer on Si in contact with the Li + -containing electrolyte, also known as the solid-electrolyte-interphase ͑SEI͒. The SEI properties, on either cathode or anode, have been well recognized to play an important role in, among others, the safety, power capability, and cycle life of Li-ion-based batteries. It is believed to be equally important to the electrochemical performance of Si anode. Unfortunately, study on this critical issue is scarce. Choi et al.9,10 once reported preliminary results on the effects of certain electrolyte additive and salt on the SEI compositions of Si thin-film electrodes.In this work, the morphology and composition of the SEI formed on the electrodes containing either pris...

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“…The plots can be satisfactorily simulated by an equivalent circuit consisting of an electrolyte resistance in series with a Randles-type impedance element and a blocking CPE as shown in the inset of Fig. 2c [30,31]. In the equivalent circuit, CPE1 is the constant phase element for the Si-C/electrolyte interface, R 1 is the charge transfer resistance at the Si-C/electrolyte interface, Z w is the generalized Warburg impedance, CPE2 is the constant phase element for the Si/C interface, R 2 is the electrolyte resistance at the Si/C interface, CPE3 is the constant phase element for the grain-boundary of Si powders, R 3 is the charge transfer resistance between Si grains.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Si/C nanocomposite anode materials by freeze-drying with enhanced electrochemical performance in lithium-ion batteries

Xing

Yao

Zhang

et al. 2012

J Solid State Electrochem

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The nanostructured Si/graphite composites embedded with the pyrolyzed polyethylene glycol was synthesized from coarse silicon and natural graphite by a facile and cost-effective approach. The Si/C nanocomposite showed the fluffy carbon-coated structure, which was confirmed by the SEM and TEM measurements. The as-obtained Si/C nanocomposite, employed as anode material in lithium-ion batteries, exhibited significantly enhanced rate capability and cycling stability. The improved electrochemical stability of the composite was evaluated by EIS and galvanostatically charge/discharge test. A reversible capacities as high as 85% and 91% of the initial charge capacities, could be maintained for the Si/C nanocomposite electrode after 40 cycles under the high current densities of 500 and 1,000 mA g −1 , respectively. The relatively low cost and excellent electrochemical capability of the Si/C nanocomposite would well meet the challenge in rapid charge and discharge for large-size lithium-ion rechargeable batteries.

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Electrochemical Characterizations on Si and C-Coated Si Particle Electrodes for Lithium-Ion Batteries

Cited by 144 publications

References 18 publications

Nano-porous SiO/carbon composite anode for lithium-ion batteries

Nano-porous SiO/carbon composite anode for lithium-ion batteries

Study on Solid-Electrolyte-Interphase of Si and C-Coated Si Electrodes in Lithium Cells

Si/C nanocomposite anode materials by freeze-drying with enhanced electrochemical performance in lithium-ion batteries

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