Electrochemical characterization of commercial lithium manganese oxide powders

Huang, Hongfeng; Chen, C.H.; Perego, R.C.; Kelder, E.M.; Chen, L.; Schoonman, J.; Weydanz, Wolfgang; Nielsen, Dennis W.

doi:10.1016/s0167-2738(99)00057-0

Cited by 51 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…This behavior contrasts with the general finding that lithium manganese spinel shows severe capacity fading in the 3 V range due to the cooperative Jahn-Teller distortion. 1,5,6,22 The cooperative JahnTeller distortion is also present during charge/discharge in our spinels as is manifest from the plateaus shown in Fig. 3, but the significant capacity fading reported by Thackeray et al 1 and Huang et al 6 was not found.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 64%

“…1,5,6,22 The cooperative JahnTeller distortion is also present during charge/discharge in our spinels as is manifest from the plateaus shown in Fig. 3, but the significant capacity fading reported by Thackeray et al 1 and Huang et al 6 was not found. This observation indicates that the Jahn-Teller distortion has little influence on the cycling characteristics of our spinel materials over the 3 V range at least up to 30 cycles.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 64%

supporting

confidence: 52%

“…1,2 However, this material has been shown to exhibit severe capacity fading during cycling, especially in the 3 V range, due to the cooperative Jahn-Teller distortion. 1,[3][4][5][6] Many efforts have been made to resolve this capacity fading problem, e.g., preparing Li[Mn 2 ]O 4 powder via solution-based methods such as sol-gel and coprecipitation, [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] replacing Mn with other metal elements like Li, Co, Ni, or Mg, 2,5,[16][17][18][19][20] and increasing the oxygen content to make Li 2 Mn 4 O 9 . 21 Some of these efforts were successful in improving the 4 V cycle life, but only a few papers have reported a significant improvement of the 3 V cycle life of Li[Mn 2 ]O 4 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Li[Li[sub y]Mn[sub 2−y]]O[sub 4] Spinel Cathode Material Prepared by a Solution Method

Goodenough

1999

Electrochem. Solid-State Lett.

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Li[Li y Mn 2-y ]O 4 (y = 0.03, 0.07, 0.14) spinel powders were prepared from aqueous solutions of LiOH·H 2 O and Mn(CH 3 COO) 2 ·4H 2 O, which is a simpler and cheaper method than any other solution-based synthesis. The spinels thus prepared exhibited excellent capacity retention in the voltage range of 2.4-3.4 V in spite of the cooperative Jahn-Teller distortion. The cyclability in the 4 V range (3.3-4.3 V) was improved as the lithium content on the octahedral site increased while the reversible capacity was sacrificed. Cycling over the whole 2.4-4.3 V range indicates that charging in the 4 V range introduces an irreversible change that causes capacity fading in the 3 V range, but not in the 4 V range. © 2000 The Electrochemical Society. S1099-0062(00)06-096-X. All rights reserved. Lithium manganese oxide spinel is considered a promising cathode material for lithium rechargeable batteries due to its low cost and environmental harmlessness. 1,2 However, this material has been shown to exhibit severe capacity fading during cycling, especially in the 3 V range, due to the cooperative Jahn-Teller distortion. O under vigorous stirring and sonication. The solution was then heated in a beaker on a hot plate to dryness under continuous stirring. The dried powders were then ground and calcined at 500°C for 2 days in air. Phase purity was verified from powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) with a Philips APD 3520 diffractometer; the lattice constants were determined from the XRD data by iterative least-square refinements against an internal silicon standard. The morphology of the synthesized powder was observed with SEM (Hitachi S-4500). The cationic compositions were analyzed with an atomic absorption spectrometer (AAS, Perkin-Elmer 1100).Electrochemical characterization of the cathode materials was carried out with coin-type cells. Spinel powders were mixed with acetylene black and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) in the weight ratio of 70:25:5. The cathode mixtures were rolled into thin sheets and cut into pellets that were typically 20-30 mg. The electrolyte was 1 M LiClO 4 in a 1:1 mixture of propylene carbonate (PC) and dimethoxyethane (DME). A lithium foil was used as anode. The coin cells were fabricated in an Ar-filled glove box. The cells thus fabricated were cycled galvanostatically in the voltage range of 2. 4-3.4, 3.3-4.3, and 2.4-4.3 V at a current density of 0.5 mA/cm 2 at room temperature with an Arbin battery tester system (ABTS).Results and Discussion The powder XRD patterns of the samples Li[Li y Mn 2-y ]O 4 (y = 0.03, 0.07, 0.14) are shown in Fig. 1. All of the samples were identified as a single-phase spinel with a space group Fd3 Figures 2a-c show the particle morphology observed with SEM. As lithium content increases, the average particle size decreases. We emphasize that these single-phase samples were obtained by a simple, inexpensive procedure.The discharge curves of the Li/Li[Li y Mn 2-y ]O 4 cells in the voltage range of 2.4-3.4 V are shown in Fig. 3 with the corresponding discharge capacities as a ...

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 64%

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 64%

supporting

confidence: 52%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Li[Li[sub y]Mn[sub 2−y]]O[sub 4] Spinel Cathode Material Prepared by a Solution Method

Goodenough

1999

Electrochem. Solid-State Lett.

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“…Owing to their easy release of oxygen, LiCoO 2 and LiMn 2 O 4 also have safety issues at overcharged states or high temperatures. 3,4 Thus, to achieve a long-term and safe use of the LIBs, cathode materials other than those including layer-structured or spinel-type materials have received significant attention. Researchers have identified polyanion-type cathode materials-such as phosphate cathode materials like LiFePO 4 (LFP) 5 and Li 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 (LVP)-as attractive active materials because of their high thermal stability, high cyclability, and superior safety properties provided by the stable (PO 4 ) 3− unit.…”

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confidence: 99%

Ultrafast Cathode Characteristics of Nanocrystalline-Li₃V₂(PO₄)₃/Carbon Nanofiber Composites

Naoi

Kisu

Iwama

et al. 2015

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Anisotropically grown Li 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 nanocrystals, which are highly dispersed and directly impregnated on the surface of a carbon nanofiber (CNF), were successfully synthesized via a two-step synthesis process: i) precipitation of nanoplated V 2 O 3 precursors (20-200 nm); ii) transformation of the V 2 O 3 precursor into Li 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 nanoplates without size change. The direct attachment of the Li 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 nanocrystals to the carbon surface improves the electronic conductivity and Li + diffusivity of the entire Li 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 /CNF composite, simultaneously producing a mesoporous network (pore size of approximately 10 nm) that acts as an electrolyte reservoir owing to the pillar effect of the impregnated Li 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 crystals. This ideal Li 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 /CNF nanostructure enabled a 480C rate (7.5 seconds) discharge with 83 mA h g −1 , and 69% of capacity retention at the slowest discharge rate (1C). Such an ultrafast charge-discharge performance opens the possibility of using Li 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 as a cathode material for ultrafast lithium ion batteries with a stable cycle performance over 10,000 cycles at a 10C rate, maintaining 85% of the initial capacity. In the current society, the storage of electrical energy at high charge and discharge rate is an important technological issue as it enables hybrid and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles and provides a back-up to wind and solar energies.1,2 Rechargeable lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are considered the most advanced energy storage systems; they possess high energy but limited power compared to high-power devices such as supercapacitors.1 To further improve the performance of the LIBs, several electrode materials have been proposed and investigated so far.2-11 Commercial cells utilize the layer-structured LiCoO 2 as the positive electrode, 3 but the high cost and toxicity of cobalt prohibit its use on a large scale. Spinel-type LiMn 2 O 4 is one of the alternative materials to cobalt for high-rate use. 4 Several reports on such materials for high-rate use have been published; however, the reported discharge performance are limited within 50-150C. Owing to their easy release of oxygen, LiCoO 2 and LiMn 2 O 4 also have safety issues at overcharged states or high temperatures.3,4 Thus, to achieve a long-term and safe use of the LIBs, cathode materials other than those including layer-structured or spinel-type materials have received significant attention. Researchers have identified polyanion-type cathode materials-such as phosphate cathode materials like LiFePO 4 (LFP) 5 and Li 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 (LVP)-as attractive active materials because of their high thermal stability, high cyclability, and superior safety properties provided by the stable (PO 4 ) 3− unit. 6 The presence of a phosphate with a strong P-O covalency stabilizes the antibonding M-O (M = V or Fe) energy level through an M-O-P inductive effect and generates a conveniently high redox potential for M 3+ /M 2+ . 7 In particular, monoclinic LVP has attracted much attention because o...

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Cathode Manufacturing for Lithium‐Ion Batteries

Daniel

Wood

2011

Handbook of Battery Materials

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Electrochemical characterization of commercial lithium manganese oxide powders

Cited by 51 publications

References 14 publications

Li[Li[sub y]Mn[sub 2−y]]O[sub 4] Spinel Cathode Material Prepared by a Solution Method

Li[Li[sub y]Mn[sub 2−y]]O[sub 4] Spinel Cathode Material Prepared by a Solution Method

Ultrafast Cathode Characteristics of Nanocrystalline-Li₃V₂(PO₄)₃/Carbon Nanofiber Composites

Cathode Manufacturing for Lithium‐Ion Batteries

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Electrochemical characterization of commercial lithium manganese oxide powders

Cited by 51 publications

References 14 publications

Li[Li[sub y]Mn[sub 2−y]]O[sub 4] Spinel Cathode Material Prepared by a Solution Method

Li[Li[sub y]Mn[sub 2−y]]O[sub 4] Spinel Cathode Material Prepared by a Solution Method

Ultrafast Cathode Characteristics of Nanocrystalline-Li3V2(PO4)3/Carbon Nanofiber Composites

Cathode Manufacturing for Lithium‐Ion Batteries

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Product

Resources

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Ultrafast Cathode Characteristics of Nanocrystalline-Li₃V₂(PO₄)₃/Carbon Nanofiber Composites