Electrochemical cell design for the impedance studies of chlorine evolution at DSA® anodes

Silva, J. F.; Dias, A. C.; Araújo, Paulo; Brett, Christopher M.A.; Mendes, Adélio

doi:10.1063/1.4959097

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 53 publications

(90 reference statements)

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“…The Nyquist plots were fitted to obtain R ct using the ZView software based on the equivalent circuit shown in Supplementary Fig. 16a, which was built on the previous report 70 . The pseudocapacitance (C p ) and its coupled resistance (R p ) originate from the adsorption and desorption of Cl − intermediates 70 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…16a, which was built on the previous report 70 . The pseudocapacitance (C p ) and its coupled resistance (R p ) originate from the adsorption and desorption of Cl − intermediates 70 . Owing to the uncertain nature of the electrode-solution interface, the double layer capacitance (C dl ) and C p were fitted with constant phase elements (CPEs) instead of an ideal capacitor.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Atomically dispersed Pt–N4 sites as efficient and selective electrocatalysts for the chlorine evolution reaction

et al. 2020

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Chlorine evolution reaction (CER) is a critical anode reaction in chlor-alkali electrolysis. Although precious metal-based mixed metal oxides (MMOs) have been widely used as CER catalysts, they suffer from the concomitant generation of oxygen during the CER. Herein, we demonstrate that atomically dispersed Pt−N 4 sites doped on a carbon nanotube (Pt 1 /CNT) can catalyse the CER with excellent activity and selectivity. The Pt 1 /CNT catalyst shows superior CER activity to a Pt nanoparticle-based catalyst and a commercial Ru/Ir-based MMO catalyst. Notably, Pt 1 /CNT exhibits near 100% CER selectivity even in acidic media, with low Cl − concentrations (0.1 M), as well as in neutral media, whereas the MMO catalyst shows substantially lower CER selectivity. In situ electrochemical X-ray absorption spectroscopy reveals the direct adsorption of Cl − on Pt−N 4 sites during the CER. Density functional theory calculations suggest the PtN 4 C 12 site as the most plausible active site structure for the CER.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atomically dispersed Pt–N4 sites as efficient and selective electrocatalysts for the chlorine evolution reaction

et al. 2020

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“…However, EIS has seldom been used to study the kinetics of the CER. [146][147][148][149] Because the electrical conductivity plays a key role in the kinetics of electrochemical reactions, the evaluation of the electrical conductivity using EIS is important. The intrinsic properties of the catalyst and the extrinsic properties of the electrode, such as the catalyst thickness, morphology, substrate, and reaction environment significantly affect charge transfer, resulting in the variations in the electrochemical performance of the electrode.…”

Section: Cer Investigation Using Eismentioning

confidence: 99%

A Reflection on Sustainable Anode Materials for Electrochemical Chloride Oxidation

Choi

Lee

et al. 2023

Advanced Materials

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Chloride oxidation is a key industrial electrochemical process in chlorine‐based chemical production and water treatment. Over the past few decades, dimensionally stable anodes (DSAs) consisting of RuO2‐ and IrO2‐based mixed‐metal oxides have been successfully commercialized in the electrochemical chloride oxidation industry. For a sustainable supply of anode materials, considerable efforts both from the scientific and industrial aspects for developing earth‐abundant–metal‐based electrocatalysts have been made. This review first describes the history of commercial DSA fabrication and strategies to improve their efficiency and stability. Important features related to the electrocatalytic performance for chloride oxidation and reaction mechanism are then summarized. From the perspective of sustainability, recent progress in the design and fabrication of noble‐metal‐free anode materials, as well as methods for evaluating the industrialization of novel electrocatalysts, are highlighted. Finally, future directions for developing highly efficient and stable electrocatalysts for industrial chloride oxidation are proposed.

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“…The main drawback of the application of EIS at both laboratory and pilot scale is the need for a reliable system allowing to acquire the desired spectra in a dedicated span of alternating current (AC) frequencies (Ref 17,18). Main parts of such a system are the signal analyzer (galvanostat for galvanostatic electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (GEIS) and potentiostat for potentio-electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (PEIS)).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Easy-Made Setup for High-Temperature (Up to 1100 °C) Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy

Radtke

Heß

2022

J. of Materi Eng and Perform

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In the following communication, we report an easy-to-assemble Swagelok-like setup for high-temperature electrochemical impedance spectroscopy with good reproducibility based on robust 1.4114 steel 10M screws joined by non-conductive ceramics-Al2O3. We analyze the sample materials for electrochemical merits (activation energy, charge-carrier density and flatband potential) of well-known standards such as yttria-stabilized zirconia with 8 mol.% Y2O3 (8YSZ), CeO2 and In2O3. The material‘s data are compared with literature data performed on a standard impedance analyzer within a casual high-temperature commercial cells. The symmetrical cell consists of insulating material (Al2O3 screw) and two steel contacts, connected by PtRh wires of thermal resistance tolerating temperatures of 2300 °C. Our high-temperature electrochemical setup is able to withstand temperatures up to 1100 °C and can be easily and mildly cleaned for repetitive usage. In addition, we present a methodology for generation of a high-temperature sintered 8YSZ ceramics and evaluate them with our setup. We analyze the internal resistances within the setup and propose a simplified option for introduction of various gas atmospheres into the sample‘s interior, as well as evaluate the utilization of tube furnace for simplicity. We perform equivalent circuit fitting and present an easy to implement approach for reliable high-temperature electrochemistry. Graphical abstract

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Electrochemical cell design for the impedance studies of chlorine evolution at DSA® anodes

Cited by 5 publications

References 53 publications

Atomically dispersed Pt–N4 sites as efficient and selective electrocatalysts for the chlorine evolution reaction

Atomically dispersed Pt–N4 sites as efficient and selective electrocatalysts for the chlorine evolution reaction

A Reflection on Sustainable Anode Materials for Electrochemical Chloride Oxidation

Easy-Made Setup for High-Temperature (Up to 1100 °C) Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy

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