Electrochemical calcareous deposition in seawater. A review

Carré, Charlotte; Zanibellato, Alaric; Jeannin, Marc; Sabot, R.; Gunkel-Grillon, Peggy; Serres, A.

doi:10.1007/s10311-020-01002-z

Cited by 46 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…Based on such comparison, all carbon steel samples submitted to both GCP and ICCP were within the water reduction potential domain on steel, marked by potentials lower than –0.96 V (Ag/AgCl sat ). Despite the possibility of H 2 (g) formation for all samples under cathodic protection, the deposition of aragonite is only expected for samples under potentials lower than –1.06 V (Ag/AgCl sat ) 9, which is the case for the samples protected by impressed current.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Differently from samples subjected to other forms of cathodic protection, these structures were identified on IC‐uncoated samples subjected to 60 days of immersion and beyond. The literature already predicted the presence of brucite and aragonite under potentials less negative than –1.06 V (Ag/AgCl sat ), as the potential applied on ICCP samples, since it allows greater local pH values and, consequently, Mg(OH) 2 deposition 9. On the other hand, the inhibition of calcite formation was also expected due to the low Ca/Mg mass ratio in seawater and the lower potentials.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to Liu et al 24, aragonite has a better surface coverage than calcite, indicating also better corrosion protection. Moreover, it was reported that in the presence of Mg 2+ , commonly encountered ions in seawater, and under more cathodic potentials, brucite and aragonite are formed preferentially instead of calcite 9. Despite the better barrier protection given by aragonite, the combination of lower cathodic potentials with longer deposition times can be harmful to the calcareous deposit due to the formation of H 2 bubbles during water electrochemical reduction 10, 17.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a consequence of the cathodic protection reaction products shown in Eqs. 1 and 2, the pH increases on the metal/seawater interface inducing precipitation of calcareous deposits on its surface 8, 9. Those deposits, also known as scales, are mainly formed by calcium carbonate and magnesium hydroxide, as described by Eqs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In metallic structures whose service is not affected by such scales, it can act as a barrier, reducing oxygen diffusion to the metal surface and, consequently, corrosion rates. Moreover, for cathodically protected marine structures, the calcareous layer reduces the current required for effective protection 8, 9. Thus, the ability to constitute a physical barrier depends on the obtained crystal structure, density, and deposit coverage.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Calcareous Deposits Formed Under Long‐Term In Situ Cathodic Protection Tests

2021

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The calcareous deposits formed under commonly applied cathodic protection techniques on coated and uncoated carbon steel samples immersed in Guanabara Bay for 150 days, simulating ships and pipelines, were investigated. Potentials were monitored throughout the analysis, and deposits were examined by visual inspection, optical microscopy, energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, and X‐ray diffraction. Beyond calcite, aragonite, and brucite, which are crystals commonly reported in laboratory tests or under confined space conditions, herein, also calcite‐II and calcite‐III were identified as intermediate crystalline structures. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that biological activity also plays an important role, forming calcareous tubular structures within the deposit.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Calcareous Deposits Formed Under Long‐Term In Situ Cathodic Protection Tests

2021

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CrO_x Modified Nickel Phosphides Electrocatalyst for Stable Hydrogen Evolution Reaction in Neutral Media

Zhang,

Man,

Huo

et al. 2024

Adv Funct Materials

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The development of efficient and long‐term stable electrodes for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in seawater is highly desirable for hydrogen generation but remains challenging. In this work, a highly active CrOx@Ni2P‐Ni5P4/NF electrode is developed and investigated its dynamic reconstruction for HER in neutral electrolytes. The combination of in situ Raman spectra and electrochemical measurements revealed the dynamic surface reconstruction of the catalyst during HER. The CrOx modification not only effectively facilitates water dissociation but also stabilizes the structure post‐reconstruction, enabling rapid and stable hydrogen generation in neutral media. Remarkably, CrOx@Ni2P‐Ni5P4/NF exhibits overpotentials of 109 and 263 mV at current densities of 10 and 100 mA cm−2 in 1 m PBS, respectively. Concurrently, it exhibits stable operation for 500 h in 1 m PBS and 140 h in natural seawater at current densities of 50 and 100 mA cm−2, respectively. The proposed catalytic electrode and the mechanistic insights present a significant stride toward the realization of metal phosphides for direct seawater splitting.

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Mechanistic Insights into Electrodeposition in Seawater at Variable Electrochemical Potentials

Devi,

Wagner,

Lopez

et al. 2023

Advanced Sustainable Systems

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The classical approach to manufacturing cement and concrete involves considerable and energy‐intensive exploitation of minerals from the environment, calling for alternative and sustainable methods to obtain such resources. Electrodeposition resulting from local pH changes near an oxygen or water reduction electrode can be used to grow valuable minerals in seawater for use in the cement and concrete industries, with the potential to use clean electricity without relying on the mining of resources. Limited knowledge is available about the electrochemical reaction networks that yield mineral precipitates via electrodeposition in seawater, hindering a complete assessment of the promise of such an approach to serving the construction industry. This work presents an investigation of the electrodeposition in seawater as a function of the applied potential. The work identifies multiple electrochemical potential regimes that yield distinct polymorphs, quantities, and production rates of calcium and magnesium‐based minerals due to the varying rates of oxygen reduction and water‐splitting reactions. The quality of the produced minerals is comparable to that of traditionally mined aggregates in terms of morphology and composition, supporting that seawater represents a vast source of raw materials for use in the construction industry upon an enhancement in the efficiency of hydroxide‐producing reactions and the reactor design.

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Electrochemical calcareous deposition in seawater. A review

Cited by 46 publications

References 59 publications

Calcareous Deposits Formed Under Long‐Term In Situ Cathodic Protection Tests

Calcareous Deposits Formed Under Long‐Term In Situ Cathodic Protection Tests

CrO_x Modified Nickel Phosphides Electrocatalyst for Stable Hydrogen Evolution Reaction in Neutral Media

Mechanistic Insights into Electrodeposition in Seawater at Variable Electrochemical Potentials

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Electrochemical calcareous deposition in seawater. A review

Cited by 46 publications

References 59 publications

Calcareous Deposits Formed Under Long‐Term In Situ Cathodic Protection Tests

Calcareous Deposits Formed Under Long‐Term In Situ Cathodic Protection Tests

CrOx Modified Nickel Phosphides Electrocatalyst for Stable Hydrogen Evolution Reaction in Neutral Media

Mechanistic Insights into Electrodeposition in Seawater at Variable Electrochemical Potentials

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

CrO_x Modified Nickel Phosphides Electrocatalyst for Stable Hydrogen Evolution Reaction in Neutral Media