Electrochemical Bubbling Transfer of Graphene Using a Polymer Support with Encapsulated Air Gap as Permeation Stopping Layer

Sun, Jie; Shigui, Deng; Guo, Weiling; Zhan, Zhaoyao; Deng, Jun; Xu, Chen; Fan, Xing; Xu, Ke; Guo, Wang; Huang, Yang; Liu, Xin

doi:10.1155/2016/7024246

Cited by 21 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 17 publications

(19 reference statements)

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“…Figure 1d shows an optical image of the platform with square windows of 5 µm × 5 µm, separated by 5 µm, with Cr/Au electrical contacts in each side. [37][38][39] Figure 1f,g shows representative AFM tapping mode images of the same graphene membrane with air ( Figure 1f) and water (Figure 1g) in the microfluidic channel. [34][35][36] The window size (5 µm × 5 µm) defines the size of the graphene membranes.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Graphene Electromechanical Water Sensor: The Wetristor

Meireles

Neto

Ferrari

et al. 2019

Adv Elect Materials

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between water and graphene is crucial for building up novel and smart biointerfaces. [18,19] Additionally, the study of reactivity and structure of water at the graphene interface has also generated intriguing questions and controversial results. [20,21] For instance, several experimental works demonstrate that the charge transfer process that happens between graphene and water molecules is highly dependent on the underlying substrate. [20,22] Thus, it would be highly desirable to elucidate the above discussion by probing the electrical response of a suspended graphene membrane in contact with water without the presence of any substrate. We also believe that a precise understanding of the electrochemical behavior of water/graphene interface would be fundamental for developing novel and superior electrical, mechanical, and optical devices.In the present work, we develop a microfluidic platform that integrates suspended graphene membrane windows (with electrical contacts) with buried fluid channels to probe the electrical response of a graphene membrane in contact with water. The platform design provides a direct probing of the electrical response of the air/graphene/liquid interface without the presence of any underlying substrate. [23] Our results show a significant change of graphene resistivity (of about 25%) due to the presence of water in the microchannel. The identification of the physical mechanisms behind such strong change in resistivity is not A water-induced electromechanical response in suspended graphene atop a microfluidic channel is reported. The graphene membrane resistivity rapidly decreases to ≈25% upon water injection into the channel, defining a sensitive "channel wetting" device-a wetristor. The physical mechanism of the wetristor operation is investigated using two graphene membrane geometries, either uncovered or covered by an inert and rigid lid (hexagonal boron nitride multilayer or poly(methyl methacrylate) film). The wetristor effect, namely the water-induced resistivity collapse, occurs in uncovered devices only. Atomic force microscopy and Raman spectroscopy indicate substantial morphology changes of graphene membranes in such devices, while covered membranes suffer no changes, upon channel water filling. The results suggest an electromechanical nature for the wetristor effect, where the resistivity reduction is caused by unwrinkling of the graphene membrane through channel filling, with an eventual direct doping caused by water being of much smaller magnitude, if any. The wetristor device should find useful sensing applications in general micro-and nanofluidics.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Graphene Electromechanical Water Sensor: The Wetristor

Meireles

Neto

Ferrari

et al. 2019

Adv Elect Materials

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“…The atomic orientation of a polycrystalline graphene layer is discontinuous at the grain boundary, reducing its conductivity. Cracks and wrinkles are also introduced during the transfer of graphene layer in wet and dry conditions or through electrochemical bubbling [32], which will further reduce the electrical conductivity and mechanical strength of as-grown graphene.…”

Section: Graphene/silver Nanowires (Gr/agnw) Transparent Electrodementioning

confidence: 99%

Corrosion-Induced Mass Loss Measurement under Strain Conditions through Gr/AgNW-Based, Fe-C Coated LPFG Sensors

Guo

Fan

Chen

2020

Sensors

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In this study, graphene/silver nanowire (Gr/AgNW)-based, Fe-C coated long period fiber gratings (LPFG) sensors were tested up to 72 hours in 3.5 w.t% NaCl solution for corrosion-induced mass loss measurement under four strain levels: 0, 500, 1000 and 1500 µε. The crack and interfacial bonding behaviors of laminate Fe-C and Gr/AgNW layer structures were characterized using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and electrical resistance measurement. Both optical transmission spectra and electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) data were simultaneously measured from each sensor. Under increasing strains, transverse cracks appeared first and were followed by longitudinal cracks on the laminate layer structures. The spacing of transverse cracks and the length of longitudinal cracks were determined by the bond strength at the weak Fe-C and Gr/AgNW interface. During corrosion tests, the shift in resonant wavelength of the Fe-C coated LPFG sensors resulted from the effects of the Fe-C layer thinning and the NaCl solution penetration through cracks on the evanescent field surrounding the LPFG sensors. Compared with the zero-strained sensor, the strain-induced cracks on the laminate layer structures initially increased and then decreased the shift in resonant wavelength in two main stages of the Fe-C corrosion process. In each corrosion stage, the Fe-C mass loss was linearly related to the shift in resonant wavelength under zero strain and with the applied strain taken into account in general cases. The general correlation equation was validated at 700 and 1200 µε to a maximum error of 2.5% in comparison with 46.5% from the zero-strain correlation equation.

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“…It could provide stronger support and reduce the damage caused by bubbles, especially at the edges of graphene more vulnerable to be damaged [84,85]. Sun et al [90] [92] or between Cu and graphene [93]. If hydrogen forms at the interface between Cu and silicon, the graphene is still firmly attached to Cu.…”

Section: Electrochemical Delaminationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transfer of wafer-scale graphene onto arbitrary substrates: steps towards the reuse and recycling of the catalyst

Seah¹,

Vigolo²,

Chai³

et al. 2018

2D Mater.

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Graphene is a two-dimensional material, a single layer of carbon atoms with a honeycomb lattice, which has increasing demand, especially wafer-scale graphene for applications in electronics industry. However, graphene requires to be supported on different substrates depending on its utilization and the transfer stage must be achieved without damaging the graphene structure. Wet chemical etching is the major route for graphene transfer widely applied right now; the loss of catalyst during the separation process being the main limitation. Mechanical peeling is a simple process but the quality of the separated graphene remains poor. Currently, electrochemical delamination or bubbling method and water assisted delamination are new and most promising methods for both efficient graphene transfer and possible catalyst reuse. This article provides a comprehensive review of the various graphene transfer methods without compromise in catalyst deterioration and it concludes with the future challenges in the domain.

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Electrochemical Bubbling Transfer of Graphene Using a Polymer Support with Encapsulated Air Gap as Permeation Stopping Layer

Cited by 21 publications

References 17 publications

Graphene Electromechanical Water Sensor: The Wetristor

Graphene Electromechanical Water Sensor: The Wetristor

Corrosion-Induced Mass Loss Measurement under Strain Conditions through Gr/AgNW-Based, Fe-C Coated LPFG Sensors

Transfer of wafer-scale graphene onto arbitrary substrates: steps towards the reuse and recycling of the catalyst

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