Electrochemical Behaviour of Cu-Al Oxygen-Evolving Anodes in Low-Temperature Fluoride Melts and Suspensions

Yasinskiy, Andrey; Padamata, Sai Krishna; Polyakov, P. V.; Samoilo, Alexander S.; Suzdaltsev, Andrey; Nikolaev, A. Yu.

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-36408-3_81

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…133 Solheim suggested that the alumina particle size should be about 5 to 10 μm to promote the anode consumption of alumina. A similar conclusion was drawn by Yasinskiy et al 134 and Padamata et al, 25 where the alumina particle size should be around 5 μm. Moreover, they suggest that the alumina volume fraction in the electrolyte should be not more than 12 vol% for the proper functioning of the anode.…”

Section: Vertical Electrode Cellsupporting

confidence: 82%

Review—Primary Production of Aluminium with Oxygen Evolving Anodes

Padamata

Singh

Haarberg

et al. 2023

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Due to environmental and economic concerns, carbon-free aluminium production has been an ultimate goal for aluminium industries. For the past few decades, a considerable amount of research has been conducted to find an inert anode material that could replace the consumable carbon anodes for aluminium electrolysis. Anodic materials such as metals, ceramics, and cermets have been studied extensively. All these anode materials have their advantages and disadvantages. However, metal alloys have proven effective because of their resistance to high-temperature corrosion and their ability to produce a protective oxide layer. For a successful adaptation of metallic anodes into the aluminium electrolysis cell, an electrolyte with a low operating temperature and high alumina solubility with good electrical conductivity is required. A wettable cathode with a shorter anode-to-cathode distance is preferred to compete with the Hall-Héroult process in terms of energy requirements. This review discusses the research progress on inert anodes, wettable cathodes, and electrolytes.

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Section: Vertical Electrode Cellsupporting

confidence: 82%

Review—Primary Production of Aluminium with Oxygen Evolving Anodes

Padamata

Singh

Haarberg

et al. 2023

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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“…In the previous work [27,28], three anodic materials with the compositions Cu -9Al -5Fe, Cu -10Al and Cu -10Al -1.7Be were investigated at 750 °C with KF-AlF3-Al2O3 at CR=1.3. Results suggested that Cu -10Al was performing better out of the three at given conditions and further research must be conducted to explore its performance at different temperatures in different melts and suspensions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anodic process on Cu−Al alloy in KF−AlF3−Al2O3 melts and suspensions

Padamata

Yasinskiy

Polyakov

2020

Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China

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Inert anode development has been a topic of interest for decades. Cu-Al, Fe-Ni based alloys have shown promising results in low-temperature melts. Metallic anodes tend to contaminate the produced aluminium with their corrosion products and introducing alumina suspension particles in the electrolyte could resolve this problem by suppressing the convective transfer of corrosion products toward aluminium produced. In this paper, anodic processes on Cu-10Al electrode in molten KF-AlF3-Al2O3 (5 wt. %) and suspensions were characterized. Effects of cryolite ratio CR ( % % 3 ), temperature and particle volume fraction (φ= 0 -0.15) on the electrochemical behaviour of the anode were demonstrated. The results suggest that CR = 1.4 at 800 °C with the particle volume fraction of not more than 0.09 are better parameters for the usage of Cu-10Al anode. At melts with φ= 0.15 at all temperatures and CR values, a low current density was observed.

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“…Electrochemical behaviour of Cu-Al based alloys with compositions 86Cu-9Al-5Fe, 90Cu-10Al and 88.3Cu-10Al-1.7Be was tested in KF -AlF3 -Al2O3 melts and suspensions [41][42][43]. The influence of alumina volume fraction and the composition of anode were characterised by stationary and non-stationary polarization.…”

Section: Cu -Al Alloymentioning

confidence: 99%

An update on inert anodes for aluminium electrolysis

Yasinskiy¹,

Padamata²,

Polyakov³

et al. 2020

nfm

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This update includes the literature related to the inert anodes which were published in the past decade. The metallic anodes are widely regarded as promising candidates to replace the carbon anodes due to its attractive properties like good electrical conductivity, easy to manufacture and high resistance to high thermal shocks. The metals have been tested in pure state and alloy (binary, ternary) form. The oxide scale formed on the anode surface acts as a barrier between the electrolyte and the anode which protects the anode from being dissolved. The layer of molten fluorides is formed between the scale and the metal anode after a certain time of polarization and the oxide scale acts as a bipolar electrode. Metal like Cu is reduced at the internal side of the scale. This paper elaborates the effects of various parameters on the performance of the anode. Cu-based alloys (Cu -Ni-Fe and Cu-Al) have shown promising results and could perform well in low-temperature electrolytes. It has been well established that the Cu content in Cu-Ni-Fe and Cu-Al alloys plays a major role in the metal dissolution as the CuO/Cu2O scales formed on the outer layer act as a sacrificial one. The corrosion rate of an anode can be reduced by decreasing the operating temperature which is possible by using the KF-AlF3 melts. The use of suspensions can increase the purity of the produced metal by stopping the anode products to come in contact with cathode metal.Many industries including RUSAL and ELYSIS are still conducting a considerable amount of research to develop an inert anode and are expecting to have a carbon-free cell in the nearest future.

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Electrochemical Behaviour of Cu-Al Oxygen-Evolving Anodes in Low-Temperature Fluoride Melts and Suspensions

Cited by 8 publications

References 29 publications

Review—Primary Production of Aluminium with Oxygen Evolving Anodes

Review—Primary Production of Aluminium with Oxygen Evolving Anodes

Anodic process on Cu−Al alloy in KF−AlF3−Al2O3 melts and suspensions

An update on inert anodes for aluminium electrolysis

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