Electrochemical behaviour investigation and square-wave voltammetric determination of rivaroxaban in pharmaceutical dosage forms

Abstract

Electrochemical behaviour investigation and square-wave voltammetric determination of rivaroxaban in pharmaceutical dosage forms İncilay S üsl ü, * Mustafa Çelebier and Sacide Altın öz Rivaroxaban, an oral oxazolidinone-based anticoagulant, is a potent, selective direct inhibitor of factor Xa, which is used in the prevention of venous thromboembolism in adult patients after total hip replacement or total knee-replacement surgery. Because there are no reports about the electrochemical behaviour of rivaroxaban and its analytical application, its electrochemical behaviour was investigated at a hanging mercury-drop electrode using square-wave and cyclic voltammetry. For this purpose, the square-wave voltammetric method in electrolytes of different pH and buffers was used. Rivaroxaban showed a reduction peak between pH ranges from 7 to 11. The optimum conditions were obtained using Britton-Robinson buffer at pH 8.0 and a frequency of 80 Hz, a scan increment of 5 mV and pulse amplitude of 25 mV. A well-defined peak current was observed at a hanging mercury-drop electrode of À1770 mV vs.Ag/AgCl reference electrode. The cyclic voltammogram of rivaroxaban exhibited a single peak at the same peak potential as the obtained square-wave voltammogram, and the reduction reaction was irreversible. This response was determined to be related to the electroactive part of the molecule of rivaroxaban. The developed method was validated according to the ICH guideline. Validation parameters, such as linearity, sensitivity, specificity, precision and accuracy, for the developed method were evaluated. The developed method was successfully used for the determination of rivaroxaban in tablets.The results obtained from tablets were compared with the high-performance liquid chromatographic method in the literature to assess active rivaroxaban content, and no statistically significant difference was determined. Fig. 1 Chemical structure of RIV.

Rapid determination of rivaroxaban in human urine and serum using colloidal palladium surface‐assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry

“…However, the sample preparation procedure for MEPS was time consuming and tedious. A square‐wave voltammetric detection of rivaroxaban at its pharmaceutical dosage was also reported by Süslü et al . The LOD of rivaroxaban was 0.14 µg/mL.…”

“…The LOD value for rivaroxaban in urine was calculated to be 6 nM. Although UHPLC/MS/MS coupled with MESP provides a lower LOD value for rivaroxaban in urine, more complicated sample preparation and instrumentation are required.…”

“…However, the sample preparation procedure for MEPS was time consuming and tedious. A square-wave voltammetric detection of rivaroxaban at its pharmaceutical dosage was also reported by Süslü et al [6] The LOD of rivaroxaban was 0.14 μg/mL. Among these methods, LC/MS/MS has become the most popular technique because of its sensitivity and specificity.…”

“…The LOD value for rivaroxaban in urine was calculated to be 6 nM. Although UHPLC/MS/MS coupled with MESP [6] provides a lower LOD value for rivaroxaban in urine, more complicated sample preparation and instrumentation are required. The analysis of blank urine samples obtained from six healthy adults was used to test the selectivity of this SALDI-MS method.…”

Spectrophotometric resolution for quantitative analysis of aspirin and rivaroxaban combination therapy in biological fluids using simple and eco-friendly procedure

“…While, for rivaroxaban, the literature shows determination of ROX by spectrophotometric methods [ 30 , 31 ] and many chromatographic methods for quantification of ROX in its dosage form via HPTLC [ 32 , 33 ], HPLC [ 34 – 36 ] and in plasma [ 37 , 38 ]. Electrochemical behavior investigation using square-wave voltametric to determine rivaroxaban in pharmaceutical dosage forms was also reported [ 39 ].…”