“…[11] Xray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) spectra were collected to monitor the surface changes in infiltrated anodes.A st he g-Al 2 O 3 loading increases from 0t o 0.585 mg cm À2 ,t he signal of Al 2p (Supporting Information, Figure S8) increases gradually. [12] Interestingly,t he binding energies of Fe 2p (Supporting Information, Figure S9 A) and Co 2p (Supporting Information, Figure S9 B) shift positively, [13] while the binding energies of Ce 3d (Supporting Information, Figure S9 C) and Sm 3d (Supporting Information, Figure S9 D) stay unchanged, [14] indicative of strong interaction between the loaded g-Al ) reveal that the low-temperature oxygen desorption peak at about 200 8 8Cd isappears and the onset desorption temperature of oxygen species rises from 134 to 218 8 8Ca fter loading g-Al 2 O 3 onto the anode surface, [15] indicative of decreased amount of surface adsorbed oxygen species on the infiltrated anodes.H 2 -temperature-programmed reduction (H 2 -TPR) profiles (Supporting Information, Figure S12) demonstrate that the onset reduction temperature of the anodes infiltrated with g-Al 2 O 3 is elevated evidently, [16] suggesting that the oxygen mobility is reduced. Therefore, after the infiltration of g-Al 2 O 3 ,b oth the amount of surface adsorbed oxygen species and the oxygen mobility are decreased, which is probably due to the interaction between the g-Al 2 O 3 and LSCF.A st he surface adsorbed oxygen species is active for deep oxidation of ethane, [17] while the lattice oxygen is responsible for the catalytic conversion of ethane to ethylene, [18] the LSCF-SDC anodes infiltrated with g-Al 2 O 3 are expected to display high electrochemical ODE activities.…”