Electrochemical behavior of graphite highly fluorinated by high oxidation state complex fluorides and elemental fluorine

Highly fluorinated graphite prepared from graphite fluoride formed using BF3 catalyst

“…Moreover, the vibrational modes of BF 4 À and BF 3 located near 800 cm À1 [26] are not observed, either because of the high conductivity of the compounds or the low content of these residues. For T T above 400 8C, a strong band, for which the intensity increases with increasing treatment temperature, is observed at 1212 cm À1 and is ascribed to covalent C-F bond [12,27] in accordance with NMR data. 19 F NMR spectra at room temperature of CF x (300) and of CF x (300) outgassed at 150 8C, then exposed to air 2 h and 12 h. …”

Mesoporous fluorine-doped carbon as efficient cathode material for oxygen reduction reaction

“…2 inset) testifies the existence of semi-ionic C-F bond [15]. Trace amounts of F atoms doped in the mesoporous carbon by semi-ionic C-F bond may tune the electric structures of carbon frameworks and serve as active sites for ORR [16].…”

Fluoride based electrode materials for advanced energy storage devices

“…If desired, considerable amounts of HF can be accrued within the graphite structure thereby approaching compositions of C 3.7 F(HF) 1.2 . Such compositions were obtained by the treatment of graphite with elemental fluorine and an oxidant such as K 2 PdF 6 in aHF [99][100][101]. Detailed electrochemical investigations have concluded that the presence of HF 2 À in the graphite impedes the conversion reaction during reduction and leads to poor utilization of the electrode material at higher rates.…”