Electrochemical Aptasensors for Biological and Chemical Analyte Detection

Abstract

Aptamers are short length, single‐stranded DNA or RNA affinity molecules which interact with any desired targets such as biomarkers, cells, biological molecules, drugs or chemicals with high sensitivity. They have been extensively employed for medical applications due to having more advantages than the antibodies such as easier preparation and modification, higher stability, lower batch‐to‐batch variability and cost. Moreover, aptamers can be easily integrated efficiently with sensors, biosensors, actuators and other devices. In this review article, different applications of aptamers for biological and chemical molecules detection within the scope of electrochemical methods were presented with recent studies. In addition, the present status and future perspectives for highly‐effective aptasensors for specific and selective analyte detection were discussed. As in stated throughout the review, combining of extraordinary properties of aptamers with the electrochemical‐based biosensors could have improved the sensitivity of the assay and reduced limit of detection.

Electrochemical Sensing of Idarubicin—DNA Interaction Using Electropolymerized Azure B and Methylene Blue Mediation

“…The use of DNA as a recognition element offers new opportunities in the development of biosensors for antitumor drug determination [11][12][13][14]. In them, specific DNA-drug complexation is considered as a model of target interactions in a living being.…”

Au/In2O3 Nanocubes Based Label‐free Aptasensor for Ultrasensitive and Rapid Recognition of Cardiac Troponin I

“…The biosensing of the Au/In 2 O 3 nanocubes based aptasensor for the detection of cTnl was evaluated by the DPV measurement [48]. Figure 8A shows the current responses of the as‐prepared aptasensor after the combination of cTnI with different concentrations during the electrochemical oxidation of [Fe(CN) 6 ] 3−/4− .…”

Improved Thermal Stability and Homogeneity of Low Probe Density DNA SAMs Using Potential-Assisted Thiol-Exchange Assembly Methods

“…Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of DNA immobilized onto a gold substrate have been demonstrated for electrochemical biosensing and successfully used for detection of DNA and small molecules via aptamer SAMs even in vivo. − While impressive performance has been realized, many challenges remain for these sensors. ,, Two of these are the long-term stability of the sensors and the ability to control the density of the adsorbed DNA. Improving the long-term stability will increase the shelf-life and improve resistance to uncontrolled thermal conditions that will facilitate use in low-resource environments .…”