Electrochemical approach to prepare integrated air electrodes for highly stretchable zinc-air battery array with tunable output voltage and current for wearable electronics

Qu, Shengxiang; Song, Zhishuang; Liu, Jie; Li, Yingbo; Kou, Yue; Ma, Chao; Han, Xiaopeng; Deng, Yida; Zhao, Naiqin; Hu, Wenbin; Zhong, Cheng

doi:10.1016/j.nanoen.2017.06.045

Cited by 122 publications

(135 citation statements)

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“…Currently, a zincair battery is typically assembled using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-based electrolyte. [27][28][29] The problem is that the stretchable components are additional, and they are not involved in any chemical reactions. [18][19][20][21] Although other hydrogels, such as polyacrylic acid (PAA), polyacrylamide (PAM), show strong water-retention capability and high stretchability, [22,23] unfortunately, they will lose their mechanical robustness, especially the stretchability, when they are incorporated with strong alkaline electrolyte.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…[2,[13][14][15][16][17] However, the PVA-based electrolyte possesses very poor stretchability (even worse when alkaline electrolyte infiltrated), and meanwhile it shows limited ion-transport capability, resulting in poorly electrochemical performance and mechanical flexibility. [27][28][29] The problem is that the stretchable components are additional, and they are not involved in any chemical reactions. [24][25][26] Therefore, the absence of alkaline-tolerant hydrogel electrolyte with high stretchability and excellent ion transport capability is the key challenge to fabricate super-stretchable zinc-air battery and enhance its weavability.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Super‐Stretchable Zinc–Air Batteries Based on an Alkaline‐Tolerant Dual‐Network Hydrogel Electrolyte

Chen

Wang

et al. 2019

Advanced Energy Materials

311

296

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remains a challenge. Meanwhile, zincair battery provides a theoretical energy density up to 1086 Wh•kg −1 , even much higher than commercial lithium-ion batteries, promising to next-generation longlasting power system. [1][2][3][4][5] In addition, the process of assembling zinc-air battery does not require water-free and/or oxygenfree environment, which is in favor of scaling up at low cost. [6][7][8][9][10] Therefore, developing stretchable zinc-air batteries with stretchability and weavability will be highly attractive as a power unit for various flexible/wearable devices.The difficulty to develop super-stretchable zinc-air battery is that it must use strong alkaline electrolyte (always 6 m KOH) to achieve decent power density considering all zinc-air batteries with neutral electrolyte possess unacceptable low power output. [11,12] On the other hand, most super-stretchable hydrogels that are considered as an essential component of a stretchable energy storage device will lose their stretchability under such strong alkaline environment. Currently, a zincair battery is typically assembled using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-based electrolyte. [2,[13][14][15][16][17] However, the PVA-based electrolyte possesses very poor stretchability (even worse when alkaline electrolyte infiltrated), and meanwhile it shows limited ion-transport capability, resulting in poorly electrochemical performance and mechanical flexibility. [18][19][20][21] Although other hydrogels, such as polyacrylic acid (PAA), polyacrylamide (PAM), show strong water-retention capability and high stretchability, [22,23] unfortunately, they will lose their mechanical robustness, especially the stretchability, when they are incorporated with strong alkaline electrolyte. [24][25][26] Therefore, the absence of alkaline-tolerant hydrogel electrolyte with high stretchability and excellent ion transport capability is the key challenge to fabricate super-stretchable zinc-air battery and enhance its weavability. An alternative way to fabricate stretchable zinc-air battery (very limited stretchability with a maximum strain less than 10%) has been proposed, that is to use electron/ion-inactive stretchable substrate (e.g., rubber elastomer) or strain-accommodating engineering of device structure (e.g., fiber-shaped planar structure). [27][28][29] The problem is that the stretchable components are additional, and they are not involved in any chemical reactions. In some cases, Stretchable devices need elastic hydrogel electrolyte as an essential component, while most hydrogels will lose their stretchability after being incorporated with strong alkaline solution. This is why highly stretchable zinc-air batteries have never been reported so far. Herein, super-stretchable, flat-(800% stretchable) and fiber-shaped (500% stretchable) zinc-air batteries are first developed by designing an alkaline-tolerant dual-network hydrogel electrolyte. In the dualnetwork hydrogel electrolyte, sodium polyacrylate (PANa) chains contribute to the formation of soft domains and the carboxyl gr...

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confidence: 99%

Super‐Stretchable Zinc–Air Batteries Based on an Alkaline‐Tolerant Dual‐Network Hydrogel Electrolyte

Chen

Wang

et al. 2019

Advanced Energy Materials

311

296

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“…[59] Recently, a highly stretchable Zn-Ag 2 O battery rooted from printing technology and a hyperelastic binder (poly styrene-block-polyisoprene-block-polystyrene) could provide some reference for the development of stretchable Zn-based batteries. Absolutely, flexible Zn-based batteries that could be bent, rolled, folded, or twisted are successfully demonstrated by many academical communities.…”

Section: Flexible Configuration and Categorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in Flexible Zinc‐Based Rechargeable Batteries

Zhong

et al. 2018

Advanced Energy Materials

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date, there have been commercial efforts to manufacture lithium thin film batteries (<1 mm in thickness) being flexible and suitable for use in card-type and wearable devices. [3] However, these thin and flexible lithium-ion batteries have typically exhibited far less volumetric energy densities (<200 Wh L −1 ) than those of conventional lithium-ion batteries (<650 Wh L −1 ). [4] This performance roll-off is largely due to the fact that high barrier encapsulation of air and moisture sensitive lithium battery materials can severely impact the effective volumetric efficiency as the batteries are miniaturized. Therefore, high volumetric energy density lithium batteries with thickness <1 mm will be critical to enabling flexible electronics. [5] To this end, notable advancements have been made in the design of flexible lithium-sulfur and lithium-air batteries-those cathode chemistries enable high theoretical energy densities of 2800 and 6940 Wh L −1 , respectively-yet there remains substantial room for improvement. [6][7][8] The potential to yield high volumetric capacities by using less environmentally sensitive materials in the batteries sees zinc as an attractive anode alternative to lithium. In addition to the stability, zinc is likely to experience less cost pressure on raw material availability compared to lithium. In all cases, zinc secondary batteries represent a highly promising area of technology for Flexible Zn-based batteries are regarded as promising alternatives to flexible lithium-ion batteries for wearable electronics owing to the natural advantages of zinc, such as environmental friendliness and low cost. In the past few years, flexible Zn-based batteries have been studied intensively and exciting achievements have been obtained in this field. However, the development of flexible Zn-based batteries is still at an early stage. The challenges of developing flexible lithium-ion batteries are presented here. Then, a brief overview of recent progress in flexible zinc secondary batteries from the perspective of advanced materials and some issues that remain to be addressed are discussed.

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“…With the ever‐growing demand for flexible and wearable electronics, power supplies based on semi‐solid/solid electrolytes have received extensive attention . Based on different battery systems, the utilization of semi‐solid/solid electrolytes poses great challenges on battery lifetimes, such as the electrolyte loss in the half‐opened metal‐air batteries, “polysulfide shuttle” problems in lithium‐sulfur batteries and kinetic degradation problems of almost all kinds of batteries under mechanical deformation conditions . The development of power supply units for IoE devices requires the rational design of both high‐performance materials and overall battery structures as well as the development of new power sources or power mechanisms to realize sustainable, maintenance‐free, and continuous operation.…”

Section: Power Supply Units For the Ioementioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in the development of power supplies for the Internet of Everything

Fan

Liu

et al. 2019

InfoMat

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101

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The Internet of Everything (IoE), which aims to realize information exchange and communications for anything with the Internet, has revolutionized our modern world. Serving as the driving force for devices in the IoE network, power supply systems play a fundamental role in the development of the IoE. However, due to the complexity, multifunctionality and wide‐scale deployment of diverse applications, power supply systems face great challenges, including distribution, connection, charging technologies, and management. In this review, some challenges and advances in the development of both power supply systems and their units are presented. In the overall system‐level field, establishing sustainable and maintenance‐free power supply systems through wireless connections, efficient power management and integrated energy harvesting and storage systems is highlighted. Additionally, the main performance metrics of power supply units are discussed, including energy density, service life, and self‐power ability. In addition, some directions of power quality assessment for both the system and unit levels of power supply systems are presented, aiming to provide insight into the future development of high‐performance power supply systems for the IoE.

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Electrochemical approach to prepare integrated air electrodes for highly stretchable zinc-air battery array with tunable output voltage and current for wearable electronics

Cited by 122 publications

References 40 publications

Super‐Stretchable Zinc–Air Batteries Based on an Alkaline‐Tolerant Dual‐Network Hydrogel Electrolyte

Super‐Stretchable Zinc–Air Batteries Based on an Alkaline‐Tolerant Dual‐Network Hydrogel Electrolyte

Recent Advances in Flexible Zinc‐Based Rechargeable Batteries

Advances in the development of power supplies for the Internet of Everything

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