Electrochemical and Infrared Studies of the Reduction of Organic Carbonates

Zhang, Xuerong; Kostecki, Robert; Richardson, Thomas J.; Pugh, James K.; Ross, Philip N.

doi:10.1149/1.1415547

Cited by 334 publications

(304 citation statements)

References 9 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

283

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Zhang et al identified that the DMC is reduced to CH 4 gas at an experimental potential of 1.32 V (vs. Li/Li + ). 21 In the GC/MS results, identification of isotopic methane containing deuterium was not identified. This indicates that added moisture breaks down into component gases and does not show evidence of reactions with the electrolyte, as indicated by the absence of deuterium in alkane or olefin decomposition residue signals.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Investigation of the Gas Generation in Lithium Titanate Anode Based Lithium Ion Batteries

Fell

Sun

Hallac

et al. 2015

J. Electrochem. Soc.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Lithium titanate (LTO), Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 is a promising material for energy storage due to its high-rate capabilities and safety. However, gas generation, which can be observed under high-temperature operation, present a challenge to the large-scale application of lithium ion batteries made from LTO anodes. Here we analyzed sources of gas generation in an LTO system through isotopic tagging of primary suspected sources of H 2 . Specifically, we added small amounts of heavy water (D 2 O) to the electrolyte, D 2 O to the LTO electrode, or deuterated dimethyl carbonate (DMC) to the electrolyte. Upon cycling, the isotopic tagging method enables the separation of deuterated from non-deuterated gas products using combined gas chromatography and mass spectroscopy (GC/MS) analysis. The results demonstrate that cell performance and generation of H 2 are both strongly related to moisture content within the cells. Cells with deuterated DMC in the electrolyte show negligible breakdown as determined by the lack of H-D/D 2 gas production when compared to samples that contain D 2 O added into the electrode or electrolyte. These results indicate that the primary source of gas generation in LTO-based cells is residual moisture in the electrodes and electrolyte, reinforcing the importance of low-moisture processing conditions for LTO-based lithium ion batteries. The rechargeable lithium ion battery is one of the most important energy storage technologies today as the power source in hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) and full electric vehicles (EVs) as well as for large-scale storage of renewable energy.1 Current lithium ion batteries typically utilize a graphite anode because of the low potential vs Li, good cycle life and good rate capability. However, safety is a major issue that hinders the wide scale usage of lithium ion batteries in automobiles. At elevated temperatures using graphite anodes, for example, the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) between the non-aqueous electrolyte and the graphite surface becomes less stable and may even decompose at temperatures as low as 60• C. 2,3 Lithium ion batteries containing lithium titanate (LTO) anodes, Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 , are promising energy storage systems for their higher rate capabilities, safety, and long cycle-life, owing to their zero volumetric growth during lithiation 4,5 and higher anode voltage compared to graphite. Gas generation is a common phenomenon leading to the degradation of battery performance in Li-ion batteries. In LTO specifically, the gas generation and associated swelling, which are accelerated under high-temperature operation, present a challenge to the widespread application of lithium ion batteries made from LTO anodes. 6,7 Much research has focused on gas evolution in LTO anode based cells. It is well known that much of the gas generation can be attributed to chemical decomposition and redox decomposition of the electrolyte solvents on the anode or cathode. A well-defined mechanism for gas generation from LTO based cell...

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Investigation of the Gas Generation in Lithium Titanate Anode Based Lithium Ion Batteries

Fell

Sun

Hallac

et al. 2015

J. Electrochem. Soc.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Typically, carbonates show an oxidation potential at ca. 4.7 V 25 and a reduction potential near 1.0 V. 26 It's found that EC provides a stable SEI layer on the surface of a carbon anode that protects the electrolytes from further decomposition after SEI formation. Therefore, the commercial Li-ion cells based on LiCoO 2 cathode and graphite anode can reach an average operating potential of 4 V. 10 Li-ion batteries and Li-ion polymer batteries presently have dominated the market of portable electronics, and possibly would be used in other areas where high energy density are needed, such as electric vehicles.…”

Section: Architecture and Electrochemistry Of Li-redox Flow Batteriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A chemistry and material perspective on lithium redox flow batteries towards high-density electrical energy storage

et al. 2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Electrical energy storage system such as secondary batteries is the principle power source for portable electronics, electric vehicles and stationary energy storage. As an emerging battery technology, Li-redox flow batteries inherit the advantageous features of modular design of conventional redox flow batteries and high voltage and energy efficiency of Li-ion batteries, showing great promise as efficient electrical energy storage system in transportation, commercial, and residential applications. The chemistry of lithium redox flow batteries with aqueous or non-aqueous electrolyte enables widened electrochemical potential window thus may provide much greater energy density and efficiency than conventional redox flow batteries based on proton chemistry. This Review summarizes the design rationale, fundamentals and characterization of Li-redox flow batteries from a chemistry and material perspective, with particular emphasis on the new chemistries and materials. The latest advances and associated challenges/ opportunities are comprehensively discussed.

show abstract

“…The first charging process, in which lithium ions and electrons move from cathode to anode, is critical for lithium-ion battery operation. When the potential of the anode is below B1 V versus Li metal, the organic electrolyte is reduced on the anode surface to form a layer of solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) that consists of a complex composition of inorganic and organic lithium compounds [5][6][7][8] . In addition, some lithium may be trapped in the electrode upon lithiation 9 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Dry-air-stable lithium silicide–lithium oxide core–shell nanoparticles as high-capacity prelithiation reagents

et al. 2014

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Rapid progress has been made in realizing battery electrode materials with high capacity and long-term cyclability in the past decade. However, low first-cycle Coulombic efficiency as a result of the formation of a solid electrolyte interphase and Li trapping at the anodes, remains unresolved. Here we report Li x Si-Li 2 O core-shell nanoparticles as an excellent prelithiation reagent with high specific capacity to compensate the first-cycle capacity loss. These nanoparticles are produced via a one-step thermal alloying process. Li x Si-Li 2 O core-shell nanoparticles are processible in a slurry and exhibit high capacity under dry-air conditions with the protection of a Li 2 O passivation shell, indicating that these nanoparticles are potentially compatible with industrial battery fabrication processes. Both Si and graphite anodes are successfully prelithiated with these nanoparticles to achieve high first-cycle Coulombic efficiencies of 94% to 4100%. The Li x Si-Li 2 O core-shell nanoparticles enable the practical implementation of high-performance electrode materials in lithium-ion batteries.

show abstract

Electrochemical and Infrared Studies of the Reduction of Organic Carbonates

Cited by 334 publications

References 9 publications

Investigation of the Gas Generation in Lithium Titanate Anode Based Lithium Ion Batteries

Investigation of the Gas Generation in Lithium Titanate Anode Based Lithium Ion Batteries

A chemistry and material perspective on lithium redox flow batteries towards high-density electrical energy storage

Dry-air-stable lithium silicide–lithium oxide core–shell nanoparticles as high-capacity prelithiation reagents

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About