Electrochemical and diffusional insights of combustion synthesized SrLi 2 Ti 6 O 14 negative insertion material for Li-ion Batteries

Diffusional and electrochemical investigation of combustion synthesized BaLi2Ti6O14 titanate anode for rechargeable batteries

“…3(d), it can be seen that i2 and i3 interstitials have dissimilar site energies unlike the case of SrLi 2 Ti 6 O 14 . 9 Despite the compressive strain of Ba is closer towards the i2 site while being far and opposite from i3. This smaller Ba-i2 distance [ Fig.…”

“…One such class of titanate anode family is MLi 2 Ti 6 O 14 (M 5 2Na, Sr, Ba, Pb). [6][7][8][9][10] Structurally, MLi 2 Ti 6 O 14 titanates have an orthorhombic (s.g. Cmca) framework built from layers of edge and corner connected TiO 6 octahedra along (100) with lithium atoms occupying vacancies within the TiO 6 framework. 11 In 1989, BaLi 2 Ti 6 O 14 was found by serendipity as a highly pure Li 1 conductive phase (4 Â 10 À3 S/cm at 300°C, E a 5 0.36 eV) in the 20% Li 2 O-73% TiO 2 -7% BaO ternary system.…”

Swift Combustion Synthesis of PbLi2Ti6O14 Anode for Lithium-Ion Batteries: Diffusional and Electrochemical Investigation

“…Scaling compensates relaxation of immobile structure in the transport step while adding energetics of the surrounding framework for cases when they are strongly coupled with the mobile cation makes these pathway predictions more exact. 34 Nevertheless, the calculation does not account for Li - 36 There may be a slight possibility of the BVSE calculations preferring multiple 8f sites (i4, i5, i6) over any of empty 16g, 4a, 4b sites because of the larger free volume of 8f and the fact that they do not factor in Li repulsions that forfeit multiple-occupancy at 8f sites. This, however, does not skew the results significantly as earlier in case of SrLi 2+x Ti 6 O 14 , for x = 1, the additional lithium occupying i4 owing to proximity of vacant i4 (16g) to pre-existing Li1 (16g) relocated this Li1 to vacant 8c (i2) and 8e (i3) positions while also avoiding simultaneous occupancy of i1 and i2/i3 sites in the same channel for the reason of Li-Li repulsions.…”

Zirconium(IV) Doping Enlarging Lithium-Ion Diffusion Channel of Lithium-Rich Li2.24SrTi6O14Anode Material for High-Rate Lithium-Ion Batteries

“…In recent years, Li 2 SrTi 6 O 14 (LSTO), a low-electrode-potential (1.4 V vs Li + /Li) titanium-based anode material, has attracted the attention of more and more researchers. − LSTO has an orthorhombic structure with space group Cmca , and its framework consists of TiO 6 , a regular octahedron composed of a Ti atom in the center and O atoms at the corners . Theoretically, all Ti 4+ in the structure can be converted into Ti 3+ , providing a specific capacity of about 262 mAh g –1 .…”