Electrochemical Analysis of Aqueous Benzalkonium Chloride Micellar Solution and Its Mediated Electrocatalytic De-Chlorination Application

Abstract

The physicochemical properties of biologically important benzalkonium chlorides (BKCs) and the effects of its structure on the de-chlorination of allyl chloride was studied by electrogenerated [Co(I)(bipyridine)3]+ (Co(I)) using an electrochemical technique. The results of [Co(II)(bipyridine)3]2+ (Co(II)) cyclic voltammetry in the presence of BKC demonstrates Co(II)/Co(III) redox couple for physicochemical analysis of BKC and Co(II)/Co(I) redox couple for catalytic application. Cyclic voltammetry over a range of scan rates and BKC concentrations revealed the BKC-bound Co(II)/Co(III) micelles showed that the identification of cmc and association of the probe Co(II) species, associated more in the hydrophobic region. In addition, change in diffusion coefficient value of Co(II)/Co(III) with BKC concentration demonstrates the association of Co(II) in micellar hydrophobic region. The beneficial effects of BKC could be accounted for by considering the benzyl headgroup-Co (II) precatalyst-volatile organic compounds (VOCs) (allyl chloride here) substrate interaction. Chromatography/mass spectroscopy (GC/MS) revealed 100% complete de-chlorination of allyl chloride accompanied by three non-chloro products. This is the first report of benzyl headgroup-induced micellar enhancement by an electrochemical method, showing that it is possible to use hydrophobic benzyl headgroup-substitution to tune the properties of micelles for various applications.

Tropaeline O‐oxalic acid‐benzalkonium chloride photogalvanic cells for solar energy conversion and storage

“…Therefore, any factor increasing the reversibility of this reduction couple will also increase the cell efficiency. It is reported in a cyclic voltammetric study that the BAC surfactant increases the reversibility of the reduction couple of Co 2+ to Co 1+ in the [Co 2+ (bpy) 3 ] 2+ dye sensitizer 40 . Based on this reported fact, the authors assume that the BAC may also have a similar effect of increasing the reversibility of the tropaeline‐O/tropaeline‐O − dye reduction couple in the current work, enhancing the power output of the PG cell devices.…”

Electroanalysis of Benzalkonium Chloride in Ophthalmic Formulation by Boron‐doped Diamond Electrode

“…The electrochemical oxidation mechanism of BAK on the BDD electrode is proposed. This method is simple and straightforward over the method reported by Gabe et al [13], which requires the modification of the electrode, as well as provides a lower limit of detection (LOD) than the method of Muthuraman et al [15].…”

“…[13], which requires the modification of the electrode, as well as provides a lower limit of detection (LOD) than the method of Muthuraman et al. [15].…”

“…Glassy carbon (GC), a mercury‐modified GC, and gold (Au) electrodes were used for the trace determination of BAK in cosmetic and oral hygiene products [14]. Of note is an electrochemical strategy using a GC to study BAK′s physicochemical properties and their effect on the de‐chlorination of allyl chloride with a detection limit of 2.2 mM [15].…”

Control Over Diffusion of Ionic Ferrocene Species in Aqueous Solution Using Surfactant Based Organized Media

“…4,5 Intelligent design of host-guest architecture has been considered as one of the main challenges of supramolecular chemistry and control over the diffusion of chemical species has been crucial. Molecular assembly of supramolecular host architecture in aqueous solution is frequently modeled from amphiphilic molecules 6,7 such as surfactant 6,8 and polymeric molecules 6,9 which can form organized molecular structures like micelles. 6,[9][10][11] The binding affinity of the host-guest architecture determines the fate and diffusivity of chemical species.…”