Electrochemical advanced oxidation processes using novel electrode materials for mineralization and biodegradability enhancement of nanofiltration concentrate of landfill leachates

Electrochemical technologies coupled with biological treatments

“…The use of active anode would avoid the fast mineralization and therefore may increase the amount of biodegradable intermediates, as recently assessed [25]. It is also important to consider possible formation of toxic by-products that might affect the biomass of the biological treatment, particularly inorganic species such as chlorate, perchlorate or ammonia [32][33][34]. Finally, it might be not suitable to use AO as a post-treatment following a biological treatment because of strong mass transport limitation and low faradaic efficiency due to the low concentration of organics.…”

Kinetics of the Organic Compounds and Ammonium Nitrogen Electrochemical Oxidation in Landfill Leachates at Boron-Doped Diamond Anodes

“…Table 1 presents a list of the physico-chemical analysis carried out in LLs, the methods of determinations used and the laboratory equipment used (all according to the APHA 2005 standard). One of the main challenges for AOPs is to reduce the energy consumption [36]. The energy consumption was expressed as W, kWh and was calculated in the following way: the applied current [A] was multiplied by electrolysis time [8 h] and the average cell voltage (E cell ) [V], then this value (W, kWh) was recalculated and expressed in kWh•m −3 .…”

“…Most studies indicate [21,26,35] that the degradation of ammonium in LLs is a second-order reaction (first-order with respect to the concentration of ammonium, and first-order with respect to the concentration of active chlorine), while COD degradation fits a pseudo-first model, or pseudo-zeroth-order kinetics models. The kinetic model of COD degradation is determined by the following factors: contaminant concentration level in the analyzed matrix, the applied current density (j), the electrode substrate, pH and temperature [26,36,37]. The degradation of contaminants in the LLs matrix is a very complex process that has not yet been fully understood.…”

Removal of Organic Micro-Pollutants by Conventional Membrane Bioreactors and High-Retention Membrane Bioreactors

“…For example, commonly detected OMPs such as ibuprofen showed biodegradable removal of 75% whereas Estrone (E1) and 17-α-Ethinyl estradiol (EE2) achieved 83% and 44% removal [41]. Furthermore, advanced OMP removal or destruction options include adsorption or ion exchange using activated carbon and ion exchange resins, ultraviolet (UV) disinfection and advanced oxidation processes (AOP) such as hydrogen peroxide oxidation, electrochemical advanced oxidation processes (EAOPs) such as Anodic oxidation (AO) and electro-Fenton (EF) [42] and photocatalytic degradation. However these processes involve high capital and energy costs and also require disposal of highly contaminated exhausted sorbent or problematic residues [33].…”