Electrochemical acidification of Kraft black liquor by electrodialysis with bipolar membrane: Ion exchange membrane fouling identification and mechanisms

Haddad, Maryam; Mikhaylin, Sergey; Bazinet, Laurent; Savadogo, O.; Paris, Jean

doi:10.1016/j.jcis.2016.10.015

Cited by 39 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…In the BP-A-BP configuration, the concentration of H 2 SO 4 was equal to twice the number of moles of hydrogen produced in the acid compartment subtracted by the acid loss caused by the competition with the hydroxide ions; these hydroxide ions generated from the salt compartment could pass across the anion exchange membrane and neutralize with hydrogen ions. However, the feed concentration played a buffer role in the BP-A-C-BP configuration, which reduced the undesirable influence [29,30].…”

Section: Effect Of Membrane Stack Configurationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Novel Strategy for Increasing the Efficiency and Yield of the Bipolar Membrane Electrodialysis by the Double Conjugate Salts Stress

et al. 2020

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To improve sulfuric acid recovery from sodium sulfate wastewater, a lab-scale bipolar membrane electrodialysis (BMED) process was used for the treatment of simulated sodium sulfate wastewater. In order to increase the concentration of sulfuric acid (H2SO4) generated during the process, a certain concentration of ammonium sulfate solution was added into the feed compartment. To study the influencing factors of sulfuric acid yield, we prepared different concentrations of ammonium sulfate solution, different feed solution volumes, and different membrane configurations in this experiment. As it can be seen from the results, when adding 8% (NH4)2SO4 into 15% Na2SO4 under the experimental conditions where the current density was 50 mA/cm2, the concentration of H2SO4 increased from 0.89 to 1.215 mol/L, and the current efficiency and energy consumption could be up to 60.12% and 2.59 kWh/kg, respectively. Furthermore, with the increase of the volume of the feed compartment, the concentration of H2SO4 also increased. At the same time, the configuration also affects the final concentration of the sulfuric acid; in the BP-A-C-BP (“BP” means bipolar membrane, “A” means anion exchange membrane, and “C” means cation exchange membrane; “BP-A-C-BP” means that two bipolar membranes, an anion exchange membrane, and a cation exchange membrane are alternately arranged to form a repeating unit of the membrane stack) configuration, a higher H2SO4 concentration was generated and less energy was consumed. The results show that the addition of the double conjugate salt is an effective method to increase the concentration of acid produced in the BMED process.

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Section: Effect Of Membrane Stack Configurationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Novel Strategy for Increasing the Efficiency and Yield of the Bipolar Membrane Electrodialysis by the Double Conjugate Salts Stress

et al. 2020

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“…These phenomena are sufficiently covered in respective reviews (Suwal et al ; Mikhaylin and Bazinet ). The fouling issue is also known in EDBM applications (Wang et al ; Mikhaylin and Sion ; Haddad et al ; Dufton et al ; Merkel et al ). It is important that the electrogeneration plays a crucial role in fouling formation.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This study involves the electrodialysis of acid whey with bipolar membranes (bipolar electrodialysis, EDBM) in order to achieve a reagent‐free pH correction. EDBM has numerous applications in food technology (Tronc et al ; Bazinet et al ; Alibhai et al ; Rozoy et al ; Haddad et al ), particularly in the production of dairy products (Bazinet et al ; Bazinet et al, ; ; Bazinet et al ; Shee et al ; Ben Ounis et al ). EDBM is based on a phenomenon of water dissociation that occurs at the junction between anion‐ and cation‐exchange layers of a bipolar membrane (Bazinet et al ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feasibility of using electrodialysis with bipolar membranes to deacidify acid whey

Kravtsov

Kulikova

Bessonov

et al. 2019

Int J of Dairy Tech

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A nonreagent method for the regulation of the pH of acid whey was investigated at a laboratory scale. Acid whey and concentrated acid whey were subjected to electrodialysis with bipolar membranes in order to raise the pH value to 6.5. Demineralised whey underwent identical processing. The deacidification rate as per tonne of a dry matter was similar for acid whey and concentrated acid whey treatment at 70% and 90% degrees of demineralisation. We estimated the energy consumption of electrodialysis. The preliminary demineralisation of whey significantly increased the energy efficiency of whey pH correction. Additionally, we observed substantial fouling on the diluate side of bipolar membranes after whey treatment.

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“…Generally, membrane fouling results from the formation of a deposit layer on the surface of the membrane which decreases membrane performance and eventually causes shortness of the membrane lifetime. − Despite the wealth of the information that can be found in the literature regarding the fouling and practical cleaning techniques for the anion and cation-exchange membranes, ,− no publication has reported the fouling of the bipolar membrane (BPM). In our recent investigation, , we observed a deposit layer on the surface of the BPMs and CEMs during the EDBM process. It was found that the protonation of the lignin ionic groups resulted in formation of destabilized colloidal lignin and eventually produced lignin clusters on the surface of the IEMs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Electrochemical Acidification of Kraft Black Liquor: Effect of Fouling and Chemical Cleaning on Ion Exchange Membrane Integrity

Haddad

Mikhaylin

Bazinet

et al. 2016

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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In the essence of the green biorefinery concept an interest in further implementations of wood compounds has gained a lot of attention. Therefore, it is crucial to identify and develop efficient and eco-friendly extraction processes. In particular in a lignin biorefinery plant, electrochemical acidification of Kraft black liquor via electrodialysis with bipolar membrane is considered as a sustainable avenue to acidify the Kraft black liquor and subsequently extract lignin. Even though the application of this acidification technique results in less chemical consumption than the acid precipitation method, the colloidal fouling of the ion exchange (bipolar and cation exchange) membranes, adversely affects its performance. This study was performed to determine the influence of the colloidal fouling and chemical cleaning process on the integrity of the membranes. Four commercially available cation exchange membranes and one bipolar membrane were examined. Membrane analyses, such as thickness, contact angle, ion exchange capacity and electrical resistance measurements, as well as scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray analysis, were carried out. It was found that changing the type of the cation-exchange membrane cannot eliminate the fouling phenomenon and a chemical cleaning cycle is required. Caustic soda and fresh diluted black liquor were tested as the cleaning solutions. The initial properties of the bipolar membrane and two cation-exchange membranes (CMB and Nafion 324) were reestablished after the chemical cleaning step. Furthermore, in terms of sustainability concept, the utilization of in situ and free of charge fresh diluted black liquor, as the cleaning agent, can be an interesting eco-efficient approach.

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Electrochemical acidification of Kraft black liquor by electrodialysis with bipolar membrane: Ion exchange membrane fouling identification and mechanisms

Cited by 39 publications

References 24 publications

The Novel Strategy for Increasing the Efficiency and Yield of the Bipolar Membrane Electrodialysis by the Double Conjugate Salts Stress

The Novel Strategy for Increasing the Efficiency and Yield of the Bipolar Membrane Electrodialysis by the Double Conjugate Salts Stress

Feasibility of using electrodialysis with bipolar membranes to deacidify acid whey

Electrochemical Acidification of Kraft Black Liquor: Effect of Fouling and Chemical Cleaning on Ion Exchange Membrane Integrity

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