Porphyrinoids and their analogous
compounds play an important role
in biosensing applications on account of their unique and versatile
catalytic, coordination, photophysical, and electrochemical properties.
Their remarkable arrays of properties can be finely tuned by synthetically
modifying the porphyrinoid ring and varying the various structural
parameters such as peripheral functionalization, metal coordination,
and covalent or physical conjugation with other organic or inorganic
scaffolds such as nanoparticles, metal–organic frameworks,
and polymers. Porphyrinoids and their organic–inorganic conjugates
are not only used as responsive materials but also utilized for the
immobilization and embedding of biomolecules for applications in wearable
devices, fast sensing devices, and other functional materials. The
present review delineates the impact of different porphyrinoid conjugates
on their physicochemical properties and their specificity as biosensors
in a range of applications. The newest porphyrinoid types and their
synthesis, modification, and functionalization are presented along
with their advantages and performance improvements.