Electrocatalytic hydrogenation of phenol on dispersed Pt: reaction mechanism and support effect

Electrocatalytic hydrogenation of organic compounds using a nickel sacrificial anode

“…In Table 1, entry 13, an increase of the electrochemical efficiency was observed (97%), when MeOH was the co-solvent, and no difference was observed in the presence of tBuOH (Table 1, entry 14), showing that the inert gas effect to expel molecular oxygen is more efficient in water + MeOH solvent, which could be explained by oxygen solubility differences in these two media [39]. Other current density values (109, 262, 350, 405 and 547 mA dm À2 ), different from 175 mA dm À2 (electrode area of 0.1828 dm 2 ), should influence the hydrogenated product yield and these results are given in Table 1, entries 13, [15][16][17][18][19]. ECHs performed at current densities between 109 and 350 mA dm À2 presented electrochemical efficiencies (97-80%) that were in agreement with results described in the literature for nickel-coated electrodes [30].…”

“…Cathodes composed of noble metals (Pt, Pd and Rh) [15][16][17][18][19][20] were mostly used in the past. More recently, less expensive materials having larger surface areas have been used such as Raney nickel powder [4][5][6][7]13,22,23], nickel [24][25][26][27] or copper [28][29][30] deposited electrodes and metals dispersed on a polymeric matrix [32,33].…”

“…More recently, less expensive materials having larger surface areas have been used such as Raney nickel powder [4][5][6][7]13,22,23], nickel [24][25][26][27] or copper [28][29][30] deposited electrodes and metals dispersed on a polymeric matrix [32,33]. Several organic substrates have been hydrogenated by the electrocatalytic process, from more reactive olefins and ketones [13,20,21,34,35], to less reactive aromatic compounds such as benzene [4,19], phenol [15][16][17][18] and phenanthrene [5,7,22]. The selectivity has also been investigated, as in the case of 1,3-cyclohexadiene, conjugated enones [23,[30][31][32][33], citral [26,28,29], limonene [6], etc.…”

Selective Hydrogenation of Phenol

“…Amouzegar and coworkers investigated the impact of metal electrochemically active‐surface‐area and electrode material by using Pt/C electrode for phenol ECH. The results showed that the properties of Pt/C such as metal particle size and electrochemical surface area had no influence on the hydrogenation activity . However, the electrode material affected the current efficiency, products distribution and the order of reactants.…”

Electrocatalytic hydrogenation of catechol on Rh–Al2O3 in different media — pH-Dependent reduction mechanism for intermediate formation

“…Several papers have been devoted to the electrocatalytic hydrogenation of phenol (5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12). It was shown that the addition of six electrons per molecule leads to cyclohexanol via cyclohexanone as intermediate product.…”