Electrocatalytic Hydrogenation of 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural Promoted by a Ru₁Cu Single‐Atom Alloy Catalyst

Abstract

Electrochemical reduction of biomass-derived 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) represents an elegant route toward sustainable value-added chemicals production that circumvents the use of fossil fuel and hydrogen. However, the reaction efficiency is hampered by the high voltage and low activity of electrodes (Cu, Bi, Pb). Herein, we report a Ru 1 Cu single-atom alloy (SAA) catalyst with isolated Ru atoms on Cu nanowires that exhibits an electrochemical reduction of HMF to 2,5dihydroxymethylfuran (DHMF) with promoted productivity (0.47 vs. 0.08 mmol cm À 2 h À 1 ) and faradic efficiency (FE) (85.6 vs. 71.3 %) at À 0.3 V (vs. RHE) compared with Cu counterpart. More importantly, the FE (87.5 %) is largely retained at high HMF concentration (100 mM). Kinetic studies by using combined electrochemical techniques suggest disparate mechanisms over Ru 1 Cu and Cu, revealing that single-atom Ru promotes the dissociation of water to produce H* species that effectively react with HMF via an electrocatalytic hydrogenation (ECH) mechanism.

Electroreductive coupling of benzaldehyde by balancing the formation and dimerization of the ketyl intermediate

“…2d ), which confirms the formation of the ketyl intermediate. However, no signal was observed without electrolysis, revealing that the ketyl intermediate is formed during the electrochemical process 18 , 33 . As for the control experiment, when anhydrous acetonitrile, an aprotic solvent, was used as the electrolyte, barely any product was obtained.…”

Ecological Impact and Human Health Risk Assessment of Pumpkin and Spinach Cultivated around Non- mining Axes of Asu River Group

“…Heavy metal analysis was carried out using Varian (USA) AAS (Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer) according to the method of APHA, (1995) also described in Ji et al, (2022). The following PHEs content was determined: lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and arsenic (As).…”

Electrocatalytic Reduction of Nitrate to Ammonia via a Au/Cu Single Atom Alloy Catalyst

“…Considering the transformation of eight electrons and nine protons occurs during the NITRR, − the design strategy of the catalyst is not only to increase its Faradaic efficiency (FE) and current density of the NH 3 synthesis but also to minimize the possible byproducts in thermodynamics, such as H 2 , N 2 , N 2 O, etc., , although the reduction potentials of these species are different from that of NH 3 yield. ,, Recently, special attention has been paid to single atom (SA) alloy (SAA) catalysts, which are composed of isolated foreign metal atoms and a host metal . In addition to maximizing single atom characteristics, SAAs also show a unique bimetallic synergy effect, which has great advantages in promoting CO 2 electrochemical reduction reactions and tackling CO poisoning . Meanwhile, compared to monometallic catalysts, Cu-based bimetallic catalysts, especially Cu-based SAAs, exhibit significant advantages, , which could maximize the utilization efficiency of predominant metal atoms by inserting another active metal on the surface of Cu. − For example, Sykes and co-workers report that the activation of the C–H bonds is easier to achieve in Pt/Cu SAAs than in Cu owing to the contribution of Pt SAs, while the problem of coking encountered with Pt can also be effectively avoided .…”

“…In addition to maximizing single atom characteristics, SAAs also show a unique bimetallic synergy effect, which has great advantages in promoting CO 2 electrochemical reduction reactions and tackling CO poisoning . Meanwhile, compared to monometallic catalysts, Cu-based bimetallic catalysts, especially Cu-based SAAs, exhibit significant advantages, , which could maximize the utilization efficiency of predominant metal atoms by inserting another active metal on the surface of Cu. − For example, Sykes and co-workers report that the activation of the C–H bonds is easier to achieve in Pt/Cu SAAs than in Cu owing to the contribution of Pt SAs, while the problem of coking encountered with Pt can also be effectively avoided . Currently, byproducts N 2 O and N 2 in the NH 3 synthesis cannot be completely avoided over Cu-based catalysts with two neighboring active sites due to their high bonding ability of the N–N bond. − In contrast, Au SAs are prone to avert the formation of the N–N bond because of the lack of adjacent active sites .…”

“…13,19,35 Recently, special attention has been paid to single atom (SA) alloy (SAA) catalysts, which are composed of isolated foreign metal atoms and a host metal. 36 In addition to maximizing single atom characteristics, SAAs also show a unique bimetallic synergy effect, 37 electrochemical reduction reactions 38 and tackling CO poisoning. 39 Meanwhile, compared to monometallic catalysts, Cubased bimetallic catalysts, especially Cu-based SAAs, exhibit significant advantages, 36,37 which could maximize the utilization efficiency of predominant metal atoms by inserting another active metal on the surface of Cu.…”