Electrocatalysis of oxygen reduction on heteroatom-doped nanocarbons and transition metal–nitrogen–carbon catalysts for alkaline membrane fuel cells

Abstract

Electrochemical oxygen reduction behaviour and AEMFC performance using non-precious metal cathode catalysts are reviewed.

2D Metal–Organic Framework Derived CuCo Alloy Nanoparticles Encapsulated by Nitrogen‐Doped Carbonaceous Nanoleaves for Efficient Bifunctional Oxygen Electrocatalyst and Zinc–Air Batteries

“…[74,85,86] The Nc ontentsi nC uCo@NC, Co@NC, and NC are calculated to be 3.83, 3.71, and 1.04 at %, respectively,w hich are much higher than that in Co encapsulated with N-doped carbon derived from ZIF-L. [73] NC was derived from ZIF-L-Zn at 900 8Ci n Ar,w hich has the same topological structure as ZIF-L-Co and is used as ar eference. [26,28,[89][90][91] Combined with Raman measurements, this implies that the addition of Cu(OH) 2 into ZIF-L-Co not only introduces Cu in the form of CuCo alloy NPs buta lso gives rise to more defects ites fore lectrocatalysts,w hicha re also expected to promote electron transfer and improvet he electrocatalysis. The highresolution N1ss pectra of Co@NC and CuCo@NC are deconvoluted into three peaks, which are assigned to graphitic N (402.7 eV), pyrrolic N( 401.2 eV), and pyridinic N( 398.9 eV).…”

“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] Precious-metal-based electrocatalysts have shown high activities for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and oxygen reduction reaction(ORR).However,t heir poor stability and high cost limit the commercializationo fm etal-air batteries. [20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33] The differencei ne lectronegativity between carbon and nitrogen makes nitrogen-doped carbon( NC) materials potential electrocatalysts, which have been demonstrated to exhibit excellent catalytic properties. [20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33] The differencei ne lectronegativity between carbon and nitrogen makes nitrogen-doped carbon( NC) materials potential electrocatalysts, which have been demonstrated to exhibit excellent catalytic properties.…”

Highly Efficient Oxygen Reduction Reaction Electrocatalysts FeCo−N−C Derived from Two Metallomacrocycles and N‐doped Porous Carbon Materials

“…While the excessive costs, unsatisfying long‐term stability and the poor tolerance to methanol crossover of Pt hamper the large‐scale applications of FCs . Therefore, it is crucial to develop highly active and low‐cost non‐precious metals catalysts (NPMCs) as alternatives for Pt‐based electrocatalysts . To date, the NPMCs can be classified as several types, including carbonized metallomacrocycles, supported transition metal oxides, transition metal carbides and heteroatom‐doped carbon materials .…”

Importance of Electrocatalyst Morphology for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction

“…Proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), which converts H 2 into electricity, has become the most promising energy conversion device ,. Similarly, anion exchange membrane fuel cell (AEMFC) also has been intensively developed . In a typical PEMFC, H 2 molecules are oxidized to protons on the anode with electrocatalysts, while O 2 molecules are reduced to H 2 O molecules on the cathode with electrocatalysts .…”