Electrocardiographic Findings of Left, Right and Septal Hypertrophy in Athletic Students and Sedentary Controls

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Thirty top level athletes, 30 athletic students and 30 sedentary controls underwent electrocardiographic and echocardiographic investigation. Resting ECG in athletes showed increased indices of hypertrophy compared to controls. The echocardiographic examination demonstrated an increase in left ventricular mass (LVM) of 47% in top athletes and 23% in athletic students compared to controls. The relationship between wall thickness and diameter was similar in all groups, as were parameters of systolic and diastolic left ventricular function at rest. There was no correlation between LVM assessed by echocardiography and ventricular ectopic activity assessed by Holter monitoring in this normotensive population. Highly significant correlations between ECG and echocardiographic parameters of hypertrophy were demonstrated.

Section: Echocardiographie Findingssupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Electrocardiographic Findingsmentioning

confidence: 75%

Electrocardiographic and Echocardiographic Findings in Top Athletes, Athletic Students and Sedentary Controls

Bjørnstad¹,

Smith²,

Storstein³

et al. 1993

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“…All 33 cases in our study reverted to a normal conduction time on change of posi tion or on light activity, and none had clinical signs of heart disease. We do, therefore, not support the view that AV block in athletes in general is caused by myocardial damage [7,24], Our data demonstrate a relation between PQ prolongation and left ventricular hypertro phy which is in good accordance with our find ing of an increased incidence of AV block I in subjects with left ventricular hypertrophy [25]. Murayama and Kuroda [26] investigated topranking athletes participating in the 1964 To kyo Olympic Games after 12 years.…”

Section: Atrioventricular Conductioncontrasting

confidence: 46%

Electrocardiographic Findings of Heart Rate and Conduction Times in Athletic Students and Sedentary Control Subjects

Bjørnstad¹,

Storstein²,

Meen³

et al. 1993

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We have investigated resting electrocardiograms in 1,299 athletic students and 151 sedentary control subjects. Bradycardia was significantly more common in athletes. The athletic group was divided according to a heart rate < 50, 50-100, and above 100 beats/min. Atrioventricular conduction time, prevalence of ectopic beats and other rhythms, parameters of right and left ventricular hypertrophy, ST elevation, and T wave amplitude were increased in the sinus bradycardia group. A significant negative correlation was found between heart rate and PQ duration in athletes. In the sinus tachycardia group, the PQ duration was shorter and the ST depression more prominent than in the other groups. The subjects were also divided according to PQ ≧ 0.22, 0.21-0.12, and < 0.12 s. Parameters of left ventricular hypertrophy were markedly increased in athletes with PQ ≧ 0.22 s, while the heart rate was only slightly decreased, suggesting an association between prolonged atrioventricular conduction time and left ventricular hypertrophy. Incomplete right bundle branch block was associated with a lower heart rate, increased duration of QRS and QTc, voltage of precordial Q waves, indices of right ventricular hypertrophy, and negative T waves. These findings are typical of right ventricular hypertrophy, indicating a close relation of incomplete right bundle branch block to right ventricular hypertrophy.

“…3.7 and 1.9 mm, for males and females, respectively. We have also ana lyzed the criteria for right and left ventricu lar hypertrophy, and these will be reported in a separate paper [40], We are impressed by the marked sex differences on the electro cardiogram both in trained and untrained young subjects and strongly urge that mod em textbooks report on sex differences. These may partly be caused by sex differ ences in heart weight and body build, but other biological influences, for instance sex hormones, cannot be excluded.…”

Section: Consequences O F Sex Differences For the Evaluation O F The mentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrocardiographic Findings according to Sex in Athletes and Controls

Storstein

Bjørnstad²,

Hals

et al. 1991

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We have previously compared the electrocardiogram of 1,299 male and female students of physical education and sports with 151 age- and sex-matched sedentary controls and found that the former had lower heart rate, longer conduction times and increased voltages. The same material of 1,450 young adult subjects was split according to sex into 617 females and 833 males in order to analyze the influence of gender on the resting 12-lead electrocardiogram. We found that females had a significant higher heart rate, shortened conduction times (PQ, Q, ventricular activation time and QRS) and a prolonged repolarization time (QT_C), decreased P, Q and T amplitudes as well as indices of right, septal and left hypertrophy, and ST elevation in precordial leads were lower in females than in males. These differences were highly significant with p values < 0.0001 for almost all parameters. Sinus bradycardia was more common in men and sinus tachycardia in women. The prevalence of other rhythms and supraventricular and ventricular premature beats was low in both sexes. AV block grade I was found in 1 % of females and 3% of males (p < 0.02). Notching of R/S in V₁ – V₂ and incomplete right bundle branch block were less common in females (p < 0.0001). The differences in ECG parameters between the two sexes in the total material persisted also when the athletic and control groups were investigated separately. Gender seems to be highly important for most ECG parameters in the resting ECG. This points to the necessity of discussing different upper normal limits for ECG parameters according to gender.