Electrocardiographic Changes in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Multicenttic Cross Sectional and Descriptive Study in Dakar

Abstract

Introduction: The resting electrocardiogram is generally called upon in the evaluation of cardio-vascular risk in diabetics. Thus we proposed in this work to evaluate electrocardiographic changes in patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods: This was a cross-sectional and descriptive observation that took place from 1 January 2014 to 1 October 2014 in the Internal Medicine/Endocrinology Departments of Pikine National Hospital and Cardiology National Hospital of Grand-Yoff. Results: One hundred (100) patients consisted of 43 male and 57 female diabetics. The sex ration male/female ratio was 0.7. The average age was 58.3 years. Men were twice as likely to be active as women. Rhythm disorders were noted in 20% of patients, 13% of whom were women. Right atrial hypertrophy was found in 11% of patients and left hypertrophy in both men and women (25%). Wolf-Parkinson White syndrome was present in 2% of patients. A complete right bundle block was present in 11% of patients. Primary repolarization disorders were noted in 17% of patients and secondary in 18% of patients, postero-diaphragmatic necrosis in 14% of patients, real posterior necrosis in 2% of patients, extensive anterior necrosis in 15% of patients. The QT interval was lengthened in 21% of patients including 14 women. Left ventricular hypertrophy was present in 33% of patients and right ventricular hypertrophy was found in 10% of patients. The bivariate analysis showed that electrocardiographic abnormalities were more correlated with the association of certain risk factors such as hypertension and dyslipidemia, the feminine gender, but also the poor glycemic balance. On the other hand, physical activity and treatment had a protective effect. Conclusion: The ECG is certainly insufficient for an exhaustive exploration of the heart of the diabetic patient, but still very useful in our conditions of exercise to improve the care of our patients.

Patterns and associated factors of electrocardiographic abnormality among type 2 diabetic patients in Amhara National Regional State Referral Hospitals, Ethiopia: a multicenter institution-based cross-sectional study

“…The required sample size was determined using the single population proportion formula by taking an estimated prevalence of 20% ( p = 0.2) of ECG abnormality from the study conducted in Senegal [ 18 ] with the assumption of 95% CI and 5% margin of error (d = 0.05). Then, by considering oversampling of 5% for unpredictable events, the final sample size was 259.…”

“…We also used a digital electrocardiographic machine (CONTEC ECG1200G) for ECG parameters, blood pressure apparatus for blood pressure, weighing balance for weight, and height scales for height measurements. Electrocardiographic abnormalities-related questionnaires were adopted from previously published articles on ECG abnormalities among T2DM [ 15 , 18 , 19 ]. The ECG measurement was taken by a one trained person in ECG recording, and interpretation of its abnormality was done by a cardiologist.…”

“…ECG abnormalities among T2DM were 22% in Canada [ 16 ], and also in India, 52% of DM patients had ECG abnormalities with axis deviation (6%), chamber enlargement (6%), heart rate abnormalities (8%), bundle branch blocks (8%), and prolonged QT interval (8%) [ 17 ]. Though there is limited evidence of ECG abnormalities in Africa, a study in Senegal revealed a 20% prevalence of ECG abnormalities [ 18 ].…”

“…ECG abnormality is associated with older age, male sex, smoking cigarette, higher BMI, higher fasting glucose, hypertension, and longer duration of DM [ 15 , 18 , 19 ]. A study in the USA showed that ECG abnormality in T2DM is associated with age, DM duration, and sex [ 15 ].…”

“…In the Netherlands, smoking cigarettes, obesity, fasting glucose greater than 126 mg/dl, and hypertension were significantly associated with ECG abnormalities [ 19 ]. In Senegal, higher ECG abnormalities were observed in females [ 18 ]. In Nigeria, age and duration of DM were associated with ECG abnormalities [ 20 ].…”