Electrocardiogram (ECG): Automated Diagnosis

Abstract

Electrocardiogram (ECG) is one of the most common signals used in medical practice because of its noninvasive nature and the information it contains. Its analysis can be used to assess the pathophysiological condition of the heart. Several systems for ECG recording and analysis have been developed for more than a century. Early ECG systems included recording and printing of the signal. Modern systems use computer technology to provide automated diagnosis. The latter is a significant research field and many methods and approaches have been proposed for the detection of ischemia, arrhythmia detection and classification, and diagnosis of chronic myocardial diseases. Those methods are based on the processing of the signal to remove noise and artifacts, extraction of certain features related to diseases, and analysis of the features to obtain the final decision. The analysis is usually based on signal processing, fuzzy logic, and artificial neural networks concepts, mixed with knowledge provided by medical experts. Today, those systems are evaluated using standard databases and must be introduced in clinical practice to be further validated.

Model-based feature extraction of electrocardiogram using mean shift

“…As the synthetic ECG signal can not directly provide width information of each wave, we have to use the reconstructed signal using the extracted features according to the equation (8). Typical results are shown in Fig.…”

“…In other words, the crest (or trough) of each wave in a heart beat is supposed to locate within a limited period of time, so that it has a good interpretation of the actual heart activity. According to the statistics of ECG data from [8], a beat segment can be divided into six corresponding subsegments as given in Table. I.…”

A Multiprocessor System on Chip for Real Time Cardiac Monitoring

“…We need to monitor the real time cardiac conditions and work on it. So the verily available electrocardiogram so called ECG [2] is used. The electrocardiogram or ECG is today used worldwide as a relatively simple way of diagnosing heart conditions.…”

“…The figure 3 depicts the different buses used to interconnect the various design elements: (1).The AXI4 Bus [7] provides single-cycle access to on-chip RAM for each processor. (2).The AXI4-Lite bus acts as means for communication between the 3processors ii.…”

“…The first slave processor (A1) architecture consists of the main following IPs cores: (1).The ARM Cortex-A9 is the central processing unit (CPU) of the partial architecture. (2).EMC (External Memory Controller) is the interface for on-board SRAM, which will be used for storing program and data when these latter exceed the BRAM capacity. (3).UART (Universal asynchronous Receiver Transmitter) is the IP core allowing serial communication with a PC (COM port), via an UART/USB converter.…”