Electrocardiogram based classifier for driver drowsiness detection

Chui, Kwok Tai; Tsang, Kim Fung; Ran, Hao; Wu, Chung Kit; Ling, Bingo Wing‐Kuen

doi:10.1109/indin.2015.7281802

Cited by 23 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Typical algorithms for driver drowsiness recognition were based on three types of inputs: (i) the biometric-signal-based approach [16][17][18][19]; (ii) the vehicle-based approach [20][21][22][23] and (iii) the image-based approach [24][25][26][27]. Approach (i) is intrusive whereas approaches (ii) and (iii) are non-intrusive.…”

Section: Existing Work Of Driver Drowsiness Recognitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A threshold was derived by analyzing the respiratory rate variability of the training dataset. The first work to adopt the electrocardiogram (ECG) signal was presented in [17], which is differed from traditional works that relied on partial information of the ECG signal, R wave or heart rate variability (HRV). The feature vector was formulated by cross-correlation coefficient between ECG signals and the classification problem was modeled by support vector machine (SVM).…”

Section: Existing Work Of Driver Drowsiness Recognitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Various methods have been proposed for driver drowsiness recognition [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27] and driver stress recognition [28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35]. Nonetheless, there exist several challenges and limitations that require further research.…”

Section: Research Gaps and Motivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There was limited utilization of a full ECG signal as signal input [17], which most of the existing works were focusing on HRV, which is a single point of an ECG signal. An in-depth analysis could be made on driver drowsiness and stress recognition via ECG signal.…”

Section: Imentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ECG signal is newly applied for driver stress recognition in which the idea of using the ECG signal as an input was proposed in [17] for driver drowsiness recognition. The identical input signal and model serving two applications, i.e., driver stress and drowsiness recognition could reduce the complexity of the system theoretically and practically.…”

Section: Research Contributionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

A Generic Design of Driver Drowsiness and Stress Recognition Using MOGA Optimized Deep MKL-SVM

Chui

Lytras

Liu

2020

Sensors

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Driver drowsiness and stress are major causes of traffic deaths and injuries, which ultimately wreak havoc on world economic loss. Researchers are in full swing to develop various algorithms for both drowsiness and stress recognition. In contrast to existing works, this paper proposes a generic model using multiple-objective genetic algorithm optimized deep multiple kernel learning support vector machine that is capable to recognize both driver drowsiness and stress. This algorithm simplifies the research formulations and model complexity that one model fits two applications. Results reveal that the proposed algorithm achieves an average sensitivity of 99%, specificity of 98.3% and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 97.1% for driver drowsiness recognition. For driver stress recognition, the best performance is yielded with average sensitivity of 98.7%, specificity of 98.4% and AUC of 96.9%. Analysis also indicates that the proposed algorithm using multiple-objective genetic algorithm has better performance compared to the grid search method. Multiple kernel learning enhances the performance significantly compared to single typical kernel. Compared with existing works, the proposed algorithm not only achieves higher accuracy but also addressing the typical issues of dataset in simulated environment, no cross-validation and unreliable measurement stability of input signals. Driver drowsiness is about the sleepiness of drivers that is an undesired condition in real-world driving. Surveys revealed that more than half of adult drivers felt sleepy while driving and even more severe that about 30% of them fell asleep [3]. This high prevalence can further estimate that drivers could experience accidents (affect or being influenced attributable to drowsy driving). It is worth mentioning that driver drowsiness is differed from driver fatigue [4]. Drivers drive unconsciously in the former condition but are with a conscious status in latter condition. In reality, people are usually fatigued in today's fast paced world.Stress is body's way to react any kind of threat, challenge and demand. Research has revealed that stress has played a crucial role in adapting to driving and making decision [5]. The primary sources for driver stress are congestion and adverse driving condition as well as time pressure [6]. The stress can lead to poor and dangerous driving behaviors, for instance, flashing high beams, eliciting anger in drivers, road rage and aggressive driving, which are major causes of road traffic accidents [7]. Various recent studies have been carried out on the investigation between psychological factors and driving behaviors. In [8], results revealed that anger leads to stress, which is reflecting in the form of aggressive and negative cognitive driving behavior. On the other hand, research argued that risky drivers generally exhibited more antisocial and substance misuse, reward sensitive personality features and sensation seeking [9]. In addition, traffic penalties reported by public transp...

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