Electroanalytical performance of a Bismuth/Antimony composite glassy carbon electrode in detecting lead and cadmium

Abstract

This work reports on the electroanalytical performance of a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with antimony and bismuth (Sb/Bi‐GCE) in detecting heavy metal ions using lead and cadmium as model analytes. The electroanalytical performance of the Sb/Bi‐GCE surface was compared to the bismuth modified glassy carbon electrode (Bi‐GCE) as well as the antimony modified glassy carbon electrode (Sb‐GCE). The Sb/Bi‐GCE exhibited excellent figures of merit compared to Bi‐GCE and Sb‐GCE surfaces. For example, the limit of detection for lead was 0.01 ppb using Sb/Bi‐GCE and 0.1 and 1 ppb on Bi‐GCE and Sb‐GCE, respectively.

Novel Aspects in the Voltametric Determination of Heavy Metals: A Minireview

“…A glassy carbon electrode formatted with Sb and Bi (Sb/Bi-GCE) gave good results in terms of sensitivity and low detection limits (0.01 μg/L, 0.5 μg/L) of the metals Pb and Cd. The preparation of the Sb/Bi-GCE electrode was quite simple and less time consuming [42]. A similar technique involved a glassy carbon electrode molded with Nafion and Bi nanoplates (Nafion/BiNP/GCE), a 0.1 M acetate buffer (pH 4.5) as an electrolyte, and gave detection limits equal to 0.178 nM (Pb) and 0.376 nM (Cd).…”

Evaluation of electrochemical performance of antimony modified screen-printed carbon electrodes

“…Typically, these techniques make use of near-reversible redox couples such as [Fe(CN)6] 3-/[Fe(CN)6] 4or [Ru(NH3)6] 3+ /[Ru(NH3)6] 2+ [37,38]. The redox potentials of these probes in solutions with a pH of 5-6, which are working ones for "classic" redox couples, extend to the anodic potential region where antimony films undergo dissolution from substrate surface [39]. The exceptions are electrodes with trace amounts of antimony on the surface, precipitated in-situ from solutions with a low concentration of antimony ions (1-2 mg/L) [15,25,28].…”