Electroanalytical Applications of Diamond Films

Ionic Liquids at Electrified Interfaces

“…We note that, as mentioned in the introduction, there are many other application areas of RTILs at EIs such as electrodeposition, reactive media for electrosynthesis, electroanalytical and sensing applications etc. However, there are several good reviews and books on these subjects already and due to space limitations we would like to address interested readers to such essays, as refs , , , and (electrodeposition), refs and (electrosynthesis and electrochemical reactivity), refs and (electroanalytical chemistry), ref (energy), and refs and (sensors); see also refs , , , , and and references therein for general information about RTIL applications.…”

“…Until recently, “room-temperature” (<100–150 °C) liquid-state electrochemistry was mostly electrochemistry of diluted electrolytes– where dissolved salt ions were surrounded by a considerable amount of solvent molecules. Highly concentrated liquid electrolytes were mostly considered in the narrow (albeit important) niche of high-temperature electrochemistry of molten inorganic salts − and in the even narrower niche of “first-generation” room temperature ionic liquids, RTILs (such as chloro-aluminates and alkylammonium nitrates). − The situation has changed dramatically in the 2000s after the discovery of new moisture- and temperature-stable RTILs. , These days, the “later generation” RTILs attracted wide attention within the electrochemical community. − Indeed, RTILs, as a class of compounds, possess a unique combination of properties (high charge density, electrochemical stability, low/negligible volatility, tunable polarity, etc.) that make them very attractive substances from fundamental and application points of view. − Most importantly, they can mix with each other in “cocktails” of one’s choice to acquire the desired properties (e.g., wider temperature range of the liquid phase , ) and can serve as almost “universal” solvents. ,, It is worth noting here one of the advantages of RTILs as compared to their high-temperature molten salt (HTMS) “sister-systems” .…”

Electrochemical Flow Injection Analysis of Hydrazine in an Excess of an Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient: Achieving Pharmaceutical Detection Limits Electrochemically

“…Despite this, HZ can still be determined down to μM levels (0.032 μg mL –1 ) at BDD electrodes, although these studies were conducted in the absence of an API . As a large majority of APIs are electroactive in the oxidative potential range ,− and the API is always present in large excess, the electrochemical signature of the API will always be significantly greater than that of the GI. It is therefore essential that the GI detection signal is electrochemically separable from that of the API and can be quantified down to ppm levels with respect to the API.…”