Electroacupuncture regulates inflammatory cytokines by activating the vagus nerve to enhance antitumor immunity in mice with breast tumors

Zhang, Zhiyun; Yu, Qi; Zhang, Xiaoning; Wang, Xiaoyu; Su, Yang-Shuai; He, Wei; Li, Jie; Wan, Heng; Jing, Xiang-Hong

doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119259

Cited by 30 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…They showed how EA increases the number of NK cells in peripheral blood, infiltrates the tumour, and increases granzyme B and perforin in the tumour tissue. These findings suggest that EA could be a complementary alternative in cancer treatment, however, more studies are required [93][94][95].…”

Section: Treatments That Enhance Nk Cell Activitymentioning

confidence: 93%

NK Cell Regulation in Cervical Cancer and Strategies for Immunotherapy

Gutiérrez‐Hoya

Soto‐Cruz²

2021

Cells

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Cervical cancer is one of the most prevalent gynaecological malignancies worldwide and is related to human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, viral persistence, progression, and invasion. Therefore, the immune response is linked to HPV status. Natural killer (NK) cells play a central role against virus-infected cells and tumours through a delicate balance between activating and inhibitory receptors and secretion of cytokines and chemokines. These cells also play a crucial role in tumour immunosurveillance. For these reasons, there is growing interest in harnessing NK cells as an immunotherapy for cervical cancer. These studies are diverse and include many strategies such as transferring activated autologous or allogeneic NK cells, improving the activation and cytolytic activity of NK cells using cytokines or analogues and modifying chimeric antigen receptors to increase specificity and targeting NK cells. However, research regarding the application of NK cells in immunotherapy is limited. This article focuses on recent discoveries about using NK cells to prevent and treat cervical cancer and the possibility of cellular immunotherapy becoming one of the best strategies to exploit the immune system to fight tumours.

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Section: Treatments That Enhance Nk Cell Activitymentioning

confidence: 93%

NK Cell Regulation in Cervical Cancer and Strategies for Immunotherapy

Gutiérrez‐Hoya

Soto‐Cruz²

2021

Cells

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…EA leads to c-Fos expressions in ChAT-positive neurons in the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus, and these ameliorating effects of EA on tumor growth were abolished by subdiaphragmatic VGX. It demonstrates that EA alleviates tumor growth by activating vagal outputs (22). In the concanavalin A (ConA) model of hepatitis, both MA and EA attenuated TNF-a production in serum, but when VGX was conducted, the production of TNF-a elevated.…”

Section: Othersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…ST36 (Zusanli in Chinese) is one of the well-known acupoints, which is located on the anterior aspect of the leg, on the line connecting ST35 with ST41, 3 B-cun inferior to ST35, and on the tibialis anterior muscle ( 19 ). The numerous efficacies of acupuncture at ST36 like anti-inflammation effect ( 20 ), anti-oxidation effect ( 21 ), enhancing immune system ( 22 ), and promoting the restoration of postoperative gastrointestinal functions ( 23 ) have been reported. Especially, the latest studies revealed that electroacupuncture (EA) at ST36 modulates endotoxin-induced systemic inflammation via driving the distinct sympathetic pathways and making the mechanism of the vagal–adrenal anti-inflammatory axis known ( 24 , 25 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Acupuncture at ST36 Point: A Literature Review in Animal Studies

Kim

2022

Front. Immunol.

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So far, a number of acupuncture studies have shown anti-inflammatory effects of acupuncture treatment, mostly known at specific point ST36. However, there is no literature that oversaw the inflammation-regulatory effects of acupuncture in each tissue. Therefore, we investigated how acupuncture at specific acupoint ST36 regulates inflammation and its underlying mechanisms. We searched literatures on PubMed until July 2021 using the keywords “animal, acupuncture, ST36, inflammation, immune,” and 292 literatures were searched. We ultimately selected 69 studies to determine the anti-inflammatory actions of acupuncture at ST36 and classified the changes of inflammatory mediators according to target regions. Forty-three studies were included in body fluids, 27 studies in the digestive system, 17 studies in the nervous system, and 30 studies in other tissues or organs. In this review, we found that acupuncture at ST36 has clinical benefits in relieving inflammation through several mechanisms such as vagus nerve activation, toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/NF-κB signaling, macrophage polarization, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway, and cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway. We expect that these data will inform further studies related to ST36 acupuncture on inflammation.

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“…It was reported that long-term administration of Lactobacillus rhamnosus promoted exploratory behavior in mice. It has to do with the specific changes of the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) system in the brain, which greatly rests with the integrity of the vagus nerve [ 29 ]. Although there is plenty of evidences that the vagus nerve is the signal channel from the microbiota to the brain, further research is needed to unravel the specific mechanism of these pathways.…”

Section: The Relationship Between Gut Microbiota and Nervous Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Neuroprotective Effect of Tea Polyphenols on the Regulation of Intestinal Flora

Zhang

et al. 2021

Molecules

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Tea polyphenols (TPs) are the general compounds of natural polyhydroxyphenols extracted in tea. Although a large number of studies have shown that TPs have obvious neuroprotective and neuro repair effects, they are limited due to the low bioavailability in vivo. However, TPs can act indirectly on the central nervous system by affecting the “microflora–gut–brain axis”, in which the microbiota and its composition represent a factor that determines brain health. Bidirectional communication between the intestinal microflora and the brain (microbe–gut–brain axis) occurs through a variety of pathways, including the vagus nerve, immune system, neuroendocrine pathways, and bacteria-derived metabolites. This axis has been shown to influence neurotransmission and behavior, which is usually associated with neuropsychiatric disorders. In this review, we discuss that TPs and their metabolites may provide benefits by restoring the imbalance of intestinal microbiota and that TPs are metabolized by intestinal flora, to provide a new idea for TPs to play a neuroprotective role by regulating intestinal flora.

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Electroacupuncture regulates inflammatory cytokines by activating the vagus nerve to enhance antitumor immunity in mice with breast tumors

Cited by 30 publications

References 60 publications

NK Cell Regulation in Cervical Cancer and Strategies for Immunotherapy

NK Cell Regulation in Cervical Cancer and Strategies for Immunotherapy

Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Acupuncture at ST36 Point: A Literature Review in Animal Studies

The Neuroprotective Effect of Tea Polyphenols on the Regulation of Intestinal Flora

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