Electroacupuncture regulates inflammation, collagen deposition and macrophage function in skeletal muscle through the TGF‑β1/Smad3/p38/ERK1/2 pathway

Hong, Han; Li, Ming; Liu, Huilin; Li, Haohan

doi:10.3892/etm.2021.10892

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…The TGFβ-BMP signaling is vital in embryonic bone development and postnatal bone homeostasis [ 52 ]. The TGF-βs and BMPs act on the receptor complex and transduce signals to classical Smad-dependent signaling pathways (TGF-β/BMP ligands, receptors, and Smads), and nonclassical Smad-independent signaling pathways (p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase/p38 MAPK) regulate the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells during bone development, formation, and homeostasis [ 53 , 54 ]. The TGFβ binds to the TGFβ receptor complex to phosphorylate Smad2/3 and regulates cell functions, while the BMPs bind to the BMP receptor complex to phosphorylate Smad1/5/8 and regulate cell functions, including cell differentiation and growth [ 55 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hsa_circ_0001485 promoted osteogenic differentiation by targeting BMPR2 to activate the TGFβ-BMP pathway

et al. 2022

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Background Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a new type of stable noncoding RNA and have been proven to play a crucial role in osteoporosis. This study explored the role and mechanism of hsa_circ_0001485 in osteogenic differentiation. Methods Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis and Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis were performed according to the previous sequencing data in human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSC) before and after the induction of osteogenic differentiation on the differentially expressed circRNAs, to screen out signaling pathways associated with osteogenic differentiation. The hFOB 1.19 cells were used to verify the function and mechanism of specific circRNAs in osteogenic differentiation. Additionally, small interfering fragments and overexpression plasmids were used to determine the role of specific circRNAs during osteogenic differentiation. Furthermore, pull-down experiments and mass spectrometry were performed to determine the proteins that bind to specific circRNAs. Results The KEGG and GO enrichment analyses showed that the TGFβ-BMP signaling pathway was related to the osteogenic differentiation process, and four circRNAs were associated with the pathway. The quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed that hsa_circ_0001485 expression was increased during the osteogenic differentiation process of BMSCs. Knockdown of hsa_circ_0001485 suppressed the activity of the alkaline phosphatase enzyme and the expression of RUNX2, osteopontin, and osteocalcin in the osteogenic hFOB 1.19 cells, whereas overexpression of hsa_circ_0001485 promoted their expression. Additionally, we found that hsa_circ_0001485 and BMPR2 targeted binding to activate the TGFβ-BMP signaling pathway and promoted osteogenic differentiation through mass spectrometry analysis. Conclusion This study demonstrates that hsa_circ_0001485 is highly expressed in the osteogenic hFOB 1.19 cells, which activate the TGFβ-BMP pathway through targeted binding of BMPR2, and plays a positive role in regulating osteogenic differentiation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hsa_circ_0001485 promoted osteogenic differentiation by targeting BMPR2 to activate the TGFβ-BMP pathway

et al. 2022

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“…MMP2 has been found to be widespread in skeletal muscle, and therefore, the study of its function is important for exploring the repair of skeletal muscle after injury [ 51 ]. For example, both exogenous hydrogen sulphide and electroacupuncture treatments can improve skeletal muscle injury and reduce skeletal muscle fibrosis by downregulating MMP2 and related pathways [ 5 , 52 ]. In the present study, luteolin was found to target MMP2, which may contribute to skeletal muscle injury repair.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Skeletal muscle injuries are one of the most common sports injuries, accounting for approximately 40% of sports-related injuries in older people [ 5 ]. Muscles can be damaged by external forces, biological factors, and chemical factors [ 6 , 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the Potential Mechanisms of Melilotus officinalis (L.) Pall. in Chronic Muscle Repair Patterns Using Single Cell Receptor-Ligand Marker Analysis and Molecular Dynamics Simulations

et al. 2022

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Information regarding the function of Melilotus officinalis (L.) Pall. in skeletal muscles is still unknown. In this study, we explored the possible regulatory targets of M. (L.) Pall. that affects the repair patterns in chronic muscle injury. We analyzed the potential target genes and chemical composition of M. (L.) Pall. and constructed a “drug-component-disease target genes” network analysis. Five active ingredients and 87 corresponding targets were obtained. Muscle-tendon junction (MTJ) cells were used to perform receptor-ligand marker analysis using the CellphoneDB algorithm. Targets of M. (L.) Pall. were screened further for the cellular ligand-receptor protein action on MTJs. Enrichment analysis suggests that those protein-associated ligand receptors may be associated with a range of intercellular signaling pathways. Molecular docking validation was then performed. Five proteins (CCL2, VEGFA, MMP2, MET, and EGFR) may be regulated by the active ingredient luteolin and scoparone. Finally, molecular dynamics simulations revealed that luteolin can stably target binding to MMP2. M. (L.) Pall. influences skeletal muscle repair patterns by affecting the fibroblast interactions in the muscle-tendon junctions through the active ingredients luteolin and scoparone.

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“…Days post-injury, macrophage polarization and the subsequent in situ specification convert the inflammatory response to immunosuppressive starting with a series of metabolic, epigenetic and transcriptional changes characteristic of the resolution phase. During repairing, macrophages secrete cytokines such as IL-10 [ 81 , 82 ] or TFG-β [ 83 ], growth factors such as IGF-1 [ 14 ], GDF3 [ 15 , 84 ] and GDF15 [ 16 ] and lipids mediators such as Resolvin D2 [ 85 ] changing the niche and promoting regeneration.…”

Section: Regenerative Inflammation Is Regulated By Highly Coordinated...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Regenerative inflammation: When immune cells help to re‐build tissues

2022

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Inflammation is an essential immune response critical for responding to infection, injury and maintenance of tissue homeostasis. Upon injury, regenerative inflammation promotes tissue repair by a timed and coordinated infiltration of diverse cell types and the secretion of growth factors, cytokines and lipids mediators. Remarkably, throughout evolution as well as mammalian development, this type of physiological inflammation is highly associated with immunosuppression. For instance, regenerative inflammation is the consequence of an in situ macrophage polarization resulting in a transition from pro‐inflammatory to anti‐inflammatory/pro‐regenerative response. Immune cells are the first responders upon injury, infiltrating the damaged tissue and initiating a pro‐inflammatory response depleting cell debris and necrotic cells. After phagocytosis, macrophages undergo multiple coordinated metabolic and transcriptional changes allowing the transition and dictating the initiation of the regenerative phase. Differences between a highly efficient, complete ad integrum tissue repair, such as, acute skeletal muscle injury, and insufficient regenerative inflammation, as the one developing in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD), highlight the importance of a coordinated response orchestrated by immune cells. During regenerative inflammation, these cells interact with others and alter the niche, affecting the character of inflammation itself and, therefore, the progression of tissue repair. Comparing acute muscle injury and chronic inflammation in DMD, we review how the same cells and molecules in different numbers, concentration and timing contribute to very different outcomes. Thus, it is important to understand and identify the distinct functions and secreted molecules of macrophages, and potentially other immune cells, during tissue repair, and the contributors to the macrophage switch leveraging this knowledge in treating diseases.

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Electroacupuncture regulates inflammation, collagen deposition and macrophage function in skeletal muscle through the TGF‑β1/Smad3/p38/ERK1/2 pathway

Cited by 8 publications

References 37 publications

Hsa_circ_0001485 promoted osteogenic differentiation by targeting BMPR2 to activate the TGFβ-BMP pathway

Hsa_circ_0001485 promoted osteogenic differentiation by targeting BMPR2 to activate the TGFβ-BMP pathway

Exploring the Potential Mechanisms of Melilotus officinalis (L.) Pall. in Chronic Muscle Repair Patterns Using Single Cell Receptor-Ligand Marker Analysis and Molecular Dynamics Simulations

Regenerative inflammation: When immune cells help to re‐build tissues

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