Electroacupuncture pre‑conditioning protects from lung injury induced by limb ischemia/reperfusion through TLR4 and NF‑κB in rats

Lou, Yingying; Yu, Qian; Xu, Kaiwei; Tu, Yanan; Balelang, Meita Felicia; Lu, Guang-Tao; Zhu, Congying; Dai, Qinxue; Geng, Wujun; Mo, Yunchang; Wang, Junlu

doi:10.3892/mmr.2020.11429

“… 35 EA pre-treatment at ST36 and SP6 also inhibits the alveolar monocyte/macrophage TLR4/NF-κB pathway and down-regulates the expression of TNF-α, IL-1, IL-6, and MPO in acute lung injury (ALI) induced by limb artery ischemia-reperfusion (LIR) in rats, leading to the alleviation of pulmonary interstitial edema, alveolar congestion, and bleeding, thus reinstating the damaged alveolar structure. 36 It was also reported that EA at Feishu (BL13) and ST36 promotes HO-1 and Nrf2 protein accumulation in the nucleus through modulation of the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway, mediated by the p38 MAPK signaling, further decreasing the secretion of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in lung tissues and plasma. This, in turn, plays an anti-inflammatory role and prevents damage to the lung caused by the extensive release of oxygen free radicals and inflammatory factors in the ischemic region.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

The Anti-Inflammatory Actions and Mechanisms of Acupuncture from Acupoint to Target Organs via Neuro-Immune Regulation

Li¹,

Guo²,

Gong³

et al. 2021

JIR

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Inflammation plays a significant role in the occurrence and development of multiple diseases. This study comprehensively reviews and presents literature from the last five years, showing that acupuncture indeed exerts strong anti-inflammatory effects in multiple biological systems, namely, the immune, digestive, respiratory, nervous, locomotory, circulatory, endocrine, and genitourinary systems. It is well known that localized acupuncture-mediated anti-inflammatory effects involve the regulation of multiple populations and functions of immune cells, including macrophages, granulocytes, mast cells, and T cells. In acupuncture stimulation, macrophages transform from the M1 to the M2 phenotype and the negative TLR4 regulator PPARγ is activated to inhibit the intracellular TLR/MyD88 and NOD signaling pathways. The downstream IκBα/NF-κB and P38 MAPK pathways are subsequently inhibited by acupuncture, followed by suppressed production of inflammasome and proinflammatory mediators. Acupuncture also modulates the balance of helper T cell populations. Furthermore, it inhibits oxidative stress by enhancing SOD activity via the Nrf2/ HO-1 pathway and eliminates the generation of oxygen free radicals, thereby preventing inflammatory cell infiltration. The anti-inflammatory effects of acupuncture on different biological systems are also specific to individual organ microenvironments. As part of its anti-inflammatory action, acupuncture deforms connective tissue and upregulates the secretion of various molecules in acupoints, further activating the NF-κB, MAPK, and ERK pathways in mast cells, fibroblasts, keratinocytes, and monocytes/macrophages. The somatic afferents present in acupuncture-activated acupoints also convey sensory signals to the spinal cord, brainstem, and hypothalamic neurons. Upon information integration in the brain, acupuncture further stimulates multiple neuro-immune pathways, including the cholinergic anti-inflammatory, vagus-adrenal medulla-dopamine, and sympathetic pathways, as well as the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis, ultimately acting immune cells via the release of crucial neurotransmitters and hormones. This review provides a scientific and reliable basis and viewpoints for the clinical application of acupuncture in various inflammatory conditions.

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“…Numerous studies have shown that propofol, as a new type of phenolic anesthetics, has a certain protective effect on an ischemia reperfusion injury. Related animal experiments show that propofol can not only affect a variety of cytokines and pathways of the inflammatory response but also has the effects of preventing oxygen free radicals and lipid peroxidation, reducing inflammatory reactions [ 18 , 19 ]. However, there are few studies on the correlation of the protective mechanism for the lungs with the dosage of propofol.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Different Doses of Propofol on Pulmonary Function and Inflammatory Response in Patients with Lung Ischemia Reperfusion Injury Induced by One-Lung Ventilation Based on Big Data Analysis

Gu

¹

,

Liu

²

,

Gu

³

et al. 2022

Journal of Healthcare Engineering

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Objective. To analyze the effect of different doses of propofol on pulmonary function and inflammatory response in patients with lung ischemia reperfusion injury (LIRI) induced by one-lung ventilation (OLV) based on big data analysis. Methods. A retrospective study was performed on 105 patients who underwent lobectomy in our hospital (January 2018 to January 2022). According to the doses of propofol, they were split into low-dose group (LDG), middle-dose group (MDG), and high-dose group (HDG), which received the continuous micropump infusion of propofol at the doses of 2 mg/(kg·h), 5 mg/(kg·h), and 10 mg/(kg·h) after induction, respectively, with 35 cases in each group. The indexes, such as the pulmonary function and inflammatory factors of patients, at different times were compared. The logistic regression analysis was performed according to the occurrence of LIRI. Results. With no notable difference at T0 among the three groups ( P > 0.05 ), the Cdyn levels significantly decreased at T1 ( P < 0.05 ) and gradually increased at T2. The Cdyn levels at T1 and T2 were remarkably higher in HDG and MDG than in LDG ( P < 0.05 ). With no notable differences at T0 and T1 among the three groups ( P > 0.05 ), the PA-aO2 levels and RI values at T2 in MDG and HDG were lower compared with LDG ( P < 0.05 ). The RI values at T1 and T2 in HDG were higher compared with MDG, with no obvious difference ( P > 0.05 ). The OI levels at T1 and T2 in HDG were lower compared with the other two groups ( P < 0.05 ), and the OI levels at T1, T2, and T3 in LDG were higher compared with MDG, with no obvious difference ( P > 0.05 ). The TNF-α and ICAM-1 levels at T1 and T2 in MDG and HDG were lower compared with LDG, with no obvious difference between MDG and HDG ( P > 0.05 ). Compared with LDG, the MDG and HDG at T1 and T2 had lower MDA levels ( P < 0.05 ) and higher SOD levels ( P < 0.05 ). Logistic regression analysis showed that Cdyn, PA-aO2, and OLV time were independent risk factors for LIRI in patients undergoing lobectomy. Conclusion. Propofol has a good protective effect on lung function in patients with OLV-induced LIRI. Appropriately increasing the dose of propofol can effectively improve the local cerebral hypoxia and lung compliance of patients and reduce the inflammatory response and oxidative stress response, with 5 mg/(kg·h) as the clinical reference. Preoperative assessment and preparation should be made for patients, close attention should be paid to risk factors, such as Cdyn and PA-aO2, and OLV time should be controlled.

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“…Acupuncture plays a therapeutic role in systemic inflammation and various related diseases. Electroacupuncture (EA) regulates downstream effectors of the TLR4/NF- κ B signaling pathway, such as reducing the secretion of inflammatory factors such as TNF- α , interleukin-1 (IL-1), and IL-6 and effectively reducing pneumonia [ 27 ] and brain ischemic inflammatory response [ 28 ], and it plays a neuroprotective role in ischemic stroke [ 29 ]. The TLR4/NF- κ B pathway may also have a significant impact on acupuncture treatment of obesity through IL-6 [ 30 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

To Explore the Molecular Mechanism of Acupuncture Alleviating Inflammation and Treating Obesity Based on Text Mining

Du

¹

,

He

²

,

Ye

³

et al. 2022

BioMed Research International

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Objective. To explore the related mechanism of acupuncture affecting obesity by regulating inflammation using bioinformatics methods. Methods. The genes related to obesity, inflammation, and acupuncture and inflammation were mined using GenCLiP 3, and the intersecting genes were extracted using Venn diagram. The DAVID database was employed for pathway enrichment analysis and functional annotation of coexpressed genes. Then, the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed with the STRING database and visualized by the Cytoscape software and screened out important hub genes. Finally, the Boxplot and Survival Analysis of the hub genes in various cancers were performed by GEPIA. Results. 755 genes related to obesity and inflammation and 38 genes related to acupuncture and inflammation were identified, and 24 coexpressed genes related to obesity, inflammation, and acupuncture were extracted from the Venn diagram. Eight hub genes including interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-10 (IL-10), Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), signal transduction and transcriptional activation factor 3 (STAT3), C-X-C motif chemokine 10 (CXCL10), interleukin-17A (IL-17A), prostaglandin peroxide synthesis-2 (PTGS2), signal transistors, and transcriptional activation factor 6 (STAT6) were identified by gene ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes (KEGG), and PPI network analysis. Among them, IL-6 is suggested to play an essential role in the treatment of obesity and inflammation by acupuncture, and IL-6 was significant in both Boxplot and Survival Analysis of pancreatic cancer (PAAD). Therefore, in this study, the core gene, IL-6 was used as the breakthrough point to explore the possible mechanism of acupuncture in treating obesity and pancreatic cancer by regulating IL-6. Conclusion. (1) Acupuncture can regulate the expression of IL-6 through the TLR4/nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway, thereby alleviating inflammation, which can be used as a potential strategy for the treatment of obesity. (2) IL-6/STAT3 is closely related to the occurrence, development, and metastasis of pancreatic cancer. Acupuncture affecting pancreatic cancer through TLR4/NF-κB/IL-6/STAT3 pathway may be a potential method for the treatment of pancreatic cancer.

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Electroacupuncture pre‑conditioning protects from lung injury induced by limb ischemia/reperfusion through TLR4 and NF‑κB in rats

Cited by 11 publications

References 40 publications

The Anti-Inflammatory Actions and Mechanisms of Acupuncture from Acupoint to Target Organs via Neuro-Immune Regulation

The Anti-Inflammatory Actions and Mechanisms of Acupuncture from Acupoint to Target Organs via Neuro-Immune Regulation

Effect of Different Doses of Propofol on Pulmonary Function and Inflammatory Response in Patients with Lung Ischemia Reperfusion Injury Induced by One-Lung Ventilation Based on Big Data Analysis

To Explore the Molecular Mechanism of Acupuncture Alleviating Inflammation and Treating Obesity Based on Text Mining

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