Electroacupuncture at ST36 Improve the Gastric Motility by Affecting Neurotransmitters in the Enteric Nervous System in Type 2 Diabetic Rats

Han, Xu; Chen, Xiaoyan; Wang, Xuan; Gong, Meirong; Lu, Mengjiang; Yu, Zhi; Xu, Bin; Jin-hong, Yuan

doi:10.1155/2021/6666323

Cited by 8 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 44 publications

(53 reference statements)

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“… Ji et al (2013) concluded that EA ST36 produces an up-regulation of anorexigenic factor POMC production in the NTS/HN, which inhibited food intake and reduced body weight. Meanwhile, Zhang Y. et al (2020) and Han et al (2021) also found the similarly result, which suggest that single point stimulation at ST36 can reduce body weight. In this experiment, it was observed that the body weight of the HFD + EA group only a decreased compared with the HFD group during EA, suggesting that a single EA treatment could not restore the body weight of model mice to a normal level.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

Activation of POMC neurons to adiponectin participating in EA-mediated improvement of high-fat diet IR mice

Chang

et al. 2023

Front. Neurosci.

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BackgroundInsulin resistance (IR) is one of the common pathological manifestations of metabolic-related diseases, and the prevalence of relevant diseases is high. Acupuncture is beneficial to IR patients, but the central mechanism underlying this treatment remains unclear. This study provides mechanistic insights into how electroacupuncture (EA) improves IR through the response of Pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons to adiponectin (Adipo).MethodsGlucose tolerance tests (GTT), Insulin tolerance tests (ITT) and fasting blood glucose (FBG) were detected by glucometer. Serum insulin, Adipo and skeletal muscle adiponectin receptor 1 (AdipoR1) protein levels were examined by ELISA. Homeostasis model assessment estimated insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was calculated using the following formula: HOMA-IR = fasting insulin (FINS) (mU/L) × FBG (mmol/L)/22.5. The expression levels of AdipoR1 and Adipo mRNA in skeletal muscle were detected by real-time PCR quantification. The co-marking of c-Fos/AdipoR1 and POMC neurons were investigated using immunofluorescence. Spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents (sEPSCs) of POMC neurons and the response of POMC neurons to Adipo were detected via electrophysiology.ResultsEA significantly ameliorated HFD-induced impairment of GTT, ITT, FBG, and HOMA-IR which was correlated with recovery of the expression level of AdipoR1 and Adipo in skeletal muscle. The improved response of POMC neurons to Adipo in the hypothalamus may be a key factor in correcting abnormal glucose tolerance and improving IR.ConclusionThis study demonstrates that EA can ameliorate HFD-induced impaired glucose tolerance through improved response of POMC neurons to Adipo in the hypothalamus, providing insight into the central mechanism of improving IR through EA.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

Activation of POMC neurons to adiponectin participating in EA-mediated improvement of high-fat diet IR mice

Chang

et al. 2023

Front. Neurosci.

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“…Another hypothesis is that a general anesthesia-induced decrease in leptin levels was counteracted by acute EA at back acupoints. Plasma insulin levels decreased in all EA treatments except for leg acupoints and the insulin drop (after-before) was higher in control than in the back and leg treatments, which is surprising considering that decreased insulin levels and insulin resistance were demonstrated in obese women [ 43 ] and rats [ 47 ] after EA on limbs. It is important to remind here that the minipigs used for this princeps study had a normal body weight, hormone variations were observed during anesthesia after short-term acute EA only, and the insulin response of normal-weight minipigs was shown to be different from that of obese subjects with basal hyperinsulinemia, higher insulin excursions, and insulin resistance [ 48 , 49 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Acute Effects of Different Electroacupuncture Point Combinations to Modulate the Gut-Brain Axis in the Minipig Model

Zhang

Guérin²,

Launay³

et al. 2022

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

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This study aimed to compare the gut-brain axis responses to acute electroacupuncture (EA) at different acupoint combinations in the minipig model. Four adult Yucatan minipigs were subjected twice to four acute EA treatments (25-minute acute sessions) including sham (false acupoints) and control (no EA), during anesthesia and according to a Latin-square design paradigm. Acupoint combinations (4 loci each) are head-abdomen (#70 Dafengmen, #35 Sanwan), back (bilateral #27 Pishu, #28 Weishu), leg (bilateral #79 Hangou, #63 Housanli), and sham (2 bilateral points that are not acupoints). Electrocardiograms were performed to explore heart rate variability (HRV). Infrared thermography was used to measure skin temperature at the stimulation points. Saliva (cortisol) and blood samples (leptin, total/active ghrelin, insulin, and glucose) were collected for further analyses before and after acute EA. All animals were also subjected to BOLD fMRI to investigate the brain responses to EA. Acute EA significantly modulated several physiological and metabolic parameters compared to basal, sham, and/or control conditions, with contrasting effects in terms of BOLD responses in brain regions involved in the hedonic and cognitive control of food intake. The head-abdomen combination appeared to be the most promising combination in terms of brain modulation of the corticostriatal circuit, with upregulation of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, dorsal striatum, and anterior cingulate cortex. It also induced significantly lower plasma ghrelin levels compared to sham, suggesting anorectic effects, as well as no temperature drop at the stimulation site. This study opens the way to a further preclinical trial aimed at investigating chronic EA in obese minipigs.

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“…Currently, whether ST36 could improve the glucose level still controversial. Some studies have suggested that EA at ST36 can improves glucose tolerance through cholinergic nerve and nitric oxide synthase effects in rats, 18,19 but some studies have also concluded the opposite, suggesting that hyperglycemia is unlikely to be responsible for the diabetes-associated depletion of ICC and maintenance of ICC requires insulin or IGF-I. 7,20,21 The reason for the inconsistency may be that the protocols were different.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low‐intensity pulsed ultrasound at ST36 improves the gastric motility by TNF‐α/IKKβ/NF‐κB signaling pathway in diabetic rats

Jiang

et al. 2023

J of Gastro and Hepatol

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Background and AimLow‐intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) can effectively regulate the central and peripheral nervous system. However, whether LIPUS could act on acupuncture points to modulate the activity of peripheral nervous has rarely been studied. Our study aimed to investigate whether LIPUS at ST36 could improve gastric emptying in diabetic gastroparesis rats.MethodsSprague–Dawley male rats were divided into three groups: control group (CON), diabetic gastroparesis group (DM), and diabetic gastroparesis LIPUS treated group (LIPUS). The body weight and blood glucose were recorded every week. Glucose tolerance, gastric emptying rate, and gastric motility were measured before and after treatment. Gastric motility was assessed by ultrasonic examination and Muscle strip experiment. The expression level of c‐Kit was assessed by immunohistochemistry staining. Levels of TNF‐α, p‐NF‐κB p‐65, NF‐κB p‐65, and p‐IKKβ, IKKβ were measured by western blot.ResultsWe reported LIPUS at an intensity of 0.88 W/cm2 exhibited significant differences in functional recovery of gastric delayed emptying in diabetic rats. Through ultrasound gastric motility functional testing and analysis of gastric antral smooth muscle strips indirectly and directly proved the effectiveness of LIPUS for the recovery of gastric delayed emptying. Pathological analysis and western blot indicated that the mechanism by which LIPUS applied to ST36 improved gastric motility may be partially attributed to the inhibition of the TNF‐α/IKKβ/NF‐κB signaling pathway, thereby rescuing the damaged interstitial cells of Cajal network.ConclusionLIPUS at ST36 improved the gastric motility and rescued the damaged networks of interstitial cells of Cajal. LIPUS may have a promising therapeutic potential for diabetic gastroparesis.

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Electroacupuncture at ST36 Improve the Gastric Motility by Affecting Neurotransmitters in the Enteric Nervous System in Type 2 Diabetic Rats

Cited by 8 publications

References 44 publications

Activation of POMC neurons to adiponectin participating in EA-mediated improvement of high-fat diet IR mice

Activation of POMC neurons to adiponectin participating in EA-mediated improvement of high-fat diet IR mice

Acute Effects of Different Electroacupuncture Point Combinations to Modulate the Gut-Brain Axis in the Minipig Model

Low‐intensity pulsed ultrasound at ST36 improves the gastric motility by TNF‐α/IKKβ/NF‐κB signaling pathway in diabetic rats

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