Electroacupuncture alleviates Parkinson disease and regulates the expression          of brain-gut peptides

Yu, Jianjun; Min, Dongmei; Qu, Long; Zou, Tianyu; Wang, Shun

doi:10.1538/expanim.19-0153

Cited by 20 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 68 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Yu et al reported that EA treatment at CV12, Qihai (RN6), ST36, and LR3 alleviates Parkinson’s disease by regulating brain-gut peptides, such as, NPY, cholecystokinin, somatostatin, gastrin, and peptide YY. 74 In addition to nerve conduction, the brain-gut axis also includes the intestinal flora as well as the immune interactions in the brain-gut system. 166 Some studies have confirmed that the anti-inflammatory effect of acupuncture is related to its regulation of intestinal flora.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…EA at CV12, Yinjiao (RN7), ST36, and LR3 suppresses glial cell activation, down-regulates TNF-α, IL-1β, COX-2, and other inflammatory factors in SN and ST, improving spatial memory function by rescuing dopamine neurons on the verge of apoptosis, which, in turn, partially restores motor function, and alleviates anxiety, depression, and other symptoms. 74 Brain oxidative stress, caused by an imbalance between the production and detoxification of ROS and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), plays a crucial role in brain inflammation. 75 Acupuncture drastically reduces inflammation by inhibiting oxidative stress.…”

Section: Glial Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

The Anti-Inflammatory Actions and Mechanisms of Acupuncture from Acupoint to Target Organs via Neuro-Immune Regulation

Li¹,

Guo²,

Gong³

et al. 2021

JIR

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Inflammation plays a significant role in the occurrence and development of multiple diseases. This study comprehensively reviews and presents literature from the last five years, showing that acupuncture indeed exerts strong anti-inflammatory effects in multiple biological systems, namely, the immune, digestive, respiratory, nervous, locomotory, circulatory, endocrine, and genitourinary systems. It is well known that localized acupuncture-mediated anti-inflammatory effects involve the regulation of multiple populations and functions of immune cells, including macrophages, granulocytes, mast cells, and T cells. In acupuncture stimulation, macrophages transform from the M1 to the M2 phenotype and the negative TLR4 regulator PPARγ is activated to inhibit the intracellular TLR/MyD88 and NOD signaling pathways. The downstream IκBα/NF-κB and P38 MAPK pathways are subsequently inhibited by acupuncture, followed by suppressed production of inflammasome and proinflammatory mediators. Acupuncture also modulates the balance of helper T cell populations. Furthermore, it inhibits oxidative stress by enhancing SOD activity via the Nrf2/ HO-1 pathway and eliminates the generation of oxygen free radicals, thereby preventing inflammatory cell infiltration. The anti-inflammatory effects of acupuncture on different biological systems are also specific to individual organ microenvironments. As part of its anti-inflammatory action, acupuncture deforms connective tissue and upregulates the secretion of various molecules in acupoints, further activating the NF-κB, MAPK, and ERK pathways in mast cells, fibroblasts, keratinocytes, and monocytes/macrophages. The somatic afferents present in acupuncture-activated acupoints also convey sensory signals to the spinal cord, brainstem, and hypothalamic neurons. Upon information integration in the brain, acupuncture further stimulates multiple neuro-immune pathways, including the cholinergic anti-inflammatory, vagus-adrenal medulla-dopamine, and sympathetic pathways, as well as the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis, ultimately acting immune cells via the release of crucial neurotransmitters and hormones. This review provides a scientific and reliable basis and viewpoints for the clinical application of acupuncture in various inflammatory conditions.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Glial Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The Anti-Inflammatory Actions and Mechanisms of Acupuncture from Acupoint to Target Organs via Neuro-Immune Regulation

Li¹,

Guo²,

Gong³

et al. 2021

JIR

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Although peripheral nerves have a reconstitutive ability, it is difficult to fully recover nerve function after PNI. EA is not only effective in treating PNI [ 53 ] but can also be used for the treatment of neuropathic pain [ 54 ] and central nervous disease [ 55 ]. Since miRNAs are closely associated with the development of PNI [ 15 , 32 , 33 , 41 , 56 – 59 ] and nerve repair, while exosomes are valuable carriers of miRNAs [ 60 ], our study focused on exosomal delivery of miR-21 to explore the effects of EA.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exosome-Mediated miR-21 Was Involved in the Promotion of Structural and Functional Recovery Effect Produced by Electroacupuncture in Sciatic Nerve Injury

Liu

Yang

Mou

et al. 2022

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Purpose. Our study is aimed at investigating the mechanism by which electroacupuncture (EA) promoted nerve regeneration by regulating the release of exosomes and exosome-mediated miRNA-21 (miR-21) transmission. Furthermore, the effects of Schwann cells- (SC-) derived exosomes on the overexpression of miR-21 for the treatment of PNI were investigated. Methods. A sciatic nerve injury model of rat was constructed, and the expression of miR-21 in serum exosomes and damaged local nerves was detected using RT-qPCR after EA treatment. The exosomes were identified under a transmission electron microscope and using western blotting analysis. Then, the exosome release inhibitor, GW4869, and the miR-21-5p-sponge used for the knockdown of miR-21 were used to clarify the effects of exosomal miR-21 on nerve regeneration promoted by EA. The nerve conduction velocity recovery rate, sciatic nerve function index, and wet weight ratio of gastrocnemius muscle were determined to evaluate sciatic nerve function recovery. SC proliferation and the level of neurotrophic factors were assessed using immunofluorescence staining, and the expression levels of SPRY2 and miR-21 were detected using RT-qPCR analysis. Subsequently, the transmission of exosomal miR-21 from SC to the axon was verified in vitro. Finally, the exosomes derived from the SC infected with the miR-21 overexpression lentivirus were collected and used to treat the rat SNI model to explore the therapeutic role of SC-derived exosomes overexpressing miR-21. Results. We found that EA inhibited the release of serum exosomal miR-21 in a PNI model of rats during the early stage of PNI, while it promoted its release during later stages. EA enhanced the accumulation of miR-21 in the injured nerve and effectively promoted the recovery of nerve function after PNI. The treatment effect of EA was attenuated when the release of circulating exosomes was inhibited or when miR-21 was downregulated in local injury tissue via the miR-21-5p-sponge. Normal exosomes secreted by SC exhibited the ability to promote the recovery of nerve function, while the overexpression of miR-21 enhanced the effects of the exosomes. In addition, exosomal miR-21 secreted by SC could promote neurite outgrowth in vitro. Conclusion. Our results demonstrated the mechanism of EA on PNI from the perspective of exosome-mediated miR-21 transport and provided a theoretical basis for the use of exosomal miR-21 as a novel strategy for the treatment of PNI.

show abstract

“…However, such differential distribution and association were not found in white population (Goldman et al, 2004(Goldman et al, , 2011. Laboratory data showed that 6-OHDA treatment alone or together with L-DOPA treatment significantly increased the level of CCK or CCK-derived peptides in the SN (Taylor et al, 1992;Nilsson et al, 2009;Yu et al, 2020). Besides observatory study, some mechanism study might help understand the reasons behind the alteration of CCKs.…”

Section: Alterations In Intercellular Signaling Network Involving Dop...mentioning

confidence: 97%

Cell–Cell Communication Alterations via Intercellular Signaling Pathways in Substantia Nigra of Parkinson’s Disease

Huang

Liu

et al. 2022

Front. Aging Neurosci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative movement disorder characterized with dopaminergic neuron (DaN) loss within the substantia nigra (SN). Despite bulk studies focusing on intracellular mechanisms of PD inside DaNs, few studies have explored the pathogeneses outside DaNs, or between DaNs and other cells. Here, we set out to probe the implication of intercellular communication involving DaNs in the pathogeneses of PD at a systemic level with bioinformatics methods. We harvested three online published single-cell/single-nucleus transcriptomic sequencing (sc/snRNA-seq) datasets of human SN (GSE126838, GSE140231, and GSE157783) from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, and integrated them with one of the latest integration algorithms called Harmony. We then applied CellChat, the latest cell–cell communication analytic algorithm, to our integrated dataset. We first found that the overall communication quantity was decreased while the overall communication strength was enhanced in PD sample compared with control sample. We then focused on the intercellular communication where DaNs are involved, and found that the communications between DaNs and other cell types via certain signaling pathways were selectively altered in PD, including some growth factors, neurotrophic factors, chemokines, etc. pathways. Our bioinformatics analysis showed that the alteration in intercellular communications involving DaNs might be a previously underestimated aspect of PD pathogeneses with novel translational potential.

show abstract

Electroacupuncture alleviates Parkinson disease and regulates the expression of brain-gut peptides

Cited by 20 publications

References 68 publications

The Anti-Inflammatory Actions and Mechanisms of Acupuncture from Acupoint to Target Organs via Neuro-Immune Regulation

The Anti-Inflammatory Actions and Mechanisms of Acupuncture from Acupoint to Target Organs via Neuro-Immune Regulation

Exosome-Mediated miR-21 Was Involved in the Promotion of Structural and Functional Recovery Effect Produced by Electroacupuncture in Sciatic Nerve Injury

Cell–Cell Communication Alterations via Intercellular Signaling Pathways in Substantia Nigra of Parkinson’s Disease

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About