Electroactive subwavelength gratings (ESWGs) from conjugated polymers for color and intensity modulation

Abstract

Subwavelength gratings with electroactive polymers such as poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and poly(3,4-propylenedioxythiophene-phenylene) (P(ProDOT-Ph)) controlled the color intensity for various visible colors of diffracted light in a single device. Under the illumination of a white light, at a fixed angle of incidence, the color intensity of the diffracted light was reversibly switched from the maximum value down to 15% (85% decrease) by applying -2 to 2 V due to electrochemical (EC) reaction. All spectral colors including red, green, and blue were generated by changing the angle of incidence, and the intensity of each color was modulated electrochemically at a single EC device. With electroactive subwavelength gratings (ESWGs) of P3HT, the maximum modulation of the color intensity was observed in the red-yellow quadrant in the CIE color plot, whereas for the ESWGs of P(ProDOT-Ph), the maximum modulation of the color intensity was observed in the yellow-green and green-blue quadrants. Both ESWGs showed a memory effect, keeping their color and intensity even after power was turned off for longer than 40 hours.

Enhancing the electrochromic performance of conjugated polymers using thermal nanoimprint lithography

“…4b). This property could potentially give rise to numerous interesting applications, 14,15 but it is beyond the scope of this work. a Against pseudo-reference (Ag wire).…”

“…For the creation of nano-structured electrochromic polymer lms, a wide range of methods such as electrospinning, 7 layerby-layer deposition 8,9 and template-assisted approaches 10,11 have been reported. Another emerging method makes use of various hard and so lithographic techniques, for instance, photolithography, 12,13 micromolding in capillaries 14,15 and nanoimprinting. 16,17 In particular, the nanoimprinting approach is highly favourable as they can be adapted for large-scale, high throughput roll-to-roll production with very high yields and patterning resolution.…”

Recent developments in superhydrophobic surfaces with unique structural and functional properties

“…This conductive polymer grating changes its color intensity by the applied potential in wide spectral range. 107 Therefore, it can be inferred that the graphene grating structure together with the unique surface wettability will attract intense interest in the development of graphene based optoelectronic devices.…”

Waterborne Polyacrylic/PEDOT Nanocomposites for Conductive Transparent Adhesives

“…Conductive polymers are promising materials because of their high intrinsic conductivity, high transparency, low weight, and low cost. [21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28] Among the conductive polymers, water soluble poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) has been used in various areas of science and technology as a highly conductive film for functional counterelectrode. [29][30][31][32] It is easy to mix PEDOT:PSS with various water-based materials including waterborne adhesives maintaining conductivity and dispersity.…”