Electroactive polymers containing pendant harmane, phenoxazine or carbazole rings as host materials for OLEDs

Carbazole-based polymers as hosts for solution-processed organic light-emitting diodes: Simplicity, efficacy

“…However, fabrication of hole and electron-only devices, demonstrating its hole-dominated transportation. Imbalanced charge transportation of P72 was confirmed in a comparative study devoted to examine the charge transport ability of different pendant groups as substituents of polystyrenes [168]. Notably, polymers comprising carbazole (P72), azacarbazole P73 (nor-harmane or 9H-pyrido [3,4-b]indole) or phenoxazine (P74) groups were examined as hosts for the heteroleptic Ir(ppy) 2 (acac) guest.…”

Orthogonally Processable Carbazole-Based Polymer Thin Films by Nitroxide-Mediated Polymerization

“…VBK homopolymers have been utilized as both hole-transport layers and even host polymers for phosphorescent emitting dopants in OLEDs. 11,36 The VBK monomer itself has also found application as a controlling comonomer for the synthesis of mostly methacrylic copolymers (>97 mol % methacrylate) by NMP. 37−39 VBK itself has been successfully homopolymerized and copolymerized using BlocBuilder-MA, and several kinetic and reaction engineering studies have shown kinetic behavior similar to that of styrene.…”

“…34,35 OLEDs have even been fabricated from the resulting polymers either as a hole-transport layer or as a host for phosphorescent emitters, illustrating the potential for polymers synthesized using VBK. 11,36 NMP has also been used effectively for both grafting-to and grafting-from techniques. 12 Generally, the NMP initiator is functionalized with a chlorosilane or alkoxysilane group to bind it to the substrate, usually silica nanoparticles or silicon wafer.…”

“…Nitroxide-mediated polymerization (NMP) is a technique used to synthesize well-defined polymers with narrow molecular weight distributions and controlled architectures. − NMP does not rely on transition metal catalysts, and the initiators are often benign resulting in polymers that can be implemented in sensitive electronic applications or biological applications without overly involved purification techniques. , Initially, NMP was restricted to the homopolymerization of styrenics due to the high activation temperature associated with using (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-yl)­oxyl (TEMPO) . The development of second generation initiators based on N - tert -butyl- N -(1-(diethylphosphono)-2,2-dimethylpropyl)­nitroxide (SG1) or 2,2,5-trimethyl-4-phenyl-3-azahexane nitroxide ((TIP)­NO) has facilitated the homopolymerization of acrylates, − acrylamides, , and, with a small amount of controlling co-monomer, methacrylates. − 9-(4-Vinylbenzyl)-9 H -carbazole (VBK) is a hole-transport monomer that can be homopolymerized or copolymerized using NMP. , OLEDs have even been fabricated from the resulting polymers either as a hole-transport layer or as a host for phosphorescent emitters, illustrating the potential for polymers synthesized using VBK. , NMP has also been used effectively for both grafting-to and grafting-from techniques . Generally, the NMP initiator is functionalized with a chlorosilane or alkoxysilane group to bind it to the substrate, usually silica nanoparticles or silicon wafer .…”

Phe–Phe Di-Peptide Nanostructure Self-Assembling Modulated by Luminescent Additives

“…Carbazole derivatives are also fascinating compounds because of their ability to generate charge-transfer complexes when associated with other electron carriers. Their polymerization has provided new and efficient compounds for application in electroluminescent devices and sensors. − …”