Electroactive High‐Temperature Shape Memory Polymers with High Recovery Stress Induced by Ground Carbon Fibers

Li, Xiaofeng; Wang, Liancai; Zhang, Ziyan; Kong, Deyan; Ao, Xinling; Xiao, Xinli

doi:10.1002/macp.201900164

Cited by 24 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…(g) Shape memory polymers: Shape memory effect refers to the phenomenon, by which a material recovers its original shape and size due to heating above a certain transformation temperature. Recent studies showed that electroactive shape memory polymers (EASMPs) are suitable through remotely controllable actuators where direct heat application is not convenient [133,134]. For example, Li et al [133] investigated a new electroactive shape memory, polyimide (EASMPI) in 2019.…”

Section: (D) Wearable Electronicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Progress on Electroactive Polymers: Synthesis, Properties and Applications

et al. 2021

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Electroactive polymers (EAPs) are an advanced family of polymers that change their shape through electric stimulation and have been a point of interest since their inception. This unique functionality has helped EAPs to contribute to versatile fields, such as electrical, biomedical, and robotics, to name a few. Ionic EAPs have a significant advantage over electronic EAPs. For example, Ionic EAPs require a lower voltage to activate than electronic EAPs. On the other hand, electronic EAPs could generate a relatively larger actuation force. Therefore, efforts have been focused on improving both kinds to achieve superior properties. In this review, the synthesis routes of different EAP-based actuators and their properties are discussed. Moreover, their mechanical interactions have been investigated from a tribological perspective as all these EAPs undergo surface interactions. Such interactions could reduce their useful life and need significant research attention for enhancing their life. Recent advancements and numerous applications of EAPs in various sectors are also discussed in this review.

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Section: (D) Wearable Electronicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Progress on Electroactive Polymers: Synthesis, Properties and Applications

et al. 2021

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“…A remarkable shape recovery behavior (within 12 s) was observed for a poly (ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) /Poly(ε-caprolactone) /CNT (EVA/PCL/CNT) blend ( Figure 10 c). Recently, various synthesis methods were studied for the preparation of electro-active shape-memory polymers, based on the following fillers: graphene oxide [ 131 ], carbon black [ 132 ], CNT layers [ 133 ], TiO 2 [ 134 ], carbon fibers [ 135 ], and single-walled CNTs [ 136 ]. Most of these fillers not only made the polymer material conductive but also improved the mechanical properties.…”

Section: Applications Of Shape-memory Polymeric Artificial Musclesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shape-Memory Polymeric Artificial Muscles: Mechanisms, Applications and Challenges

Chen

Rehman

et al. 2020

Molecules

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Shape-memory materials are smart materials that can remember an original shape and return to their unique state from a deformed secondary shape in the presence of an appropriate stimulus. This property allows these materials to be used as shape-memory artificial muscles, which form a subclass of artificial muscles. The shape-memory artificial muscles are fabricated from shape-memory polymers (SMPs) by twist insertion, shape fixation via Tm or Tg, or by liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs). The prepared SMP artificial muscles can be used in a wide range of applications, from biomimetic and soft robotics to actuators, because they can be operated without sophisticated linkage design and can achieve complex final shapes. Recently, significant achievements have been made in fabrication, modelling, and manipulation of SMP-based artificial muscles. This paper presents a review of the recent progress in shape-memory polymer-based artificial muscles. Here we focus on the mechanisms of SMPs, applications of SMPs as artificial muscles, and the challenges they face concerning actuation. While shape-memory behavior has been demonstrated in several stimulated environments, our focus is on thermal-, photo-, and electrical-actuated SMP artificial muscles.

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“…Sample 3 Young's modulus determined under flexural conditions. 4 Prescribed maximum stress applied corresponding to the 75% of σ b at T g E .…”

Section: Mechanical Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They can be deformed and fixed in a new or temporary shape, which will be stable until the application of the stimulus [1]. This shape-changing is called the shape-memory effect (SME) and it is usually heat-triggered, although it can also be induced by means of other sources, such as light, electricity, or magnetic fields [2][3][4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bio-Based Epoxy Shape-Memory Thermosets from Triglycidyl Phloroglucinol

Santiago

Guzmán²,

Ferrando

et al. 2020

Polymers

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A series of bio-based epoxy shape-memory thermosetting polymers were synthesized starting from a triglycidyl phloroglucinol (3EPOPh) and trimethylolpropane triglycidyl ether (TPTE) as epoxy monomers and a polyetheramine (JEF) as crosslinking agent. The evolution of the curing process was studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and the materials obtained were characterized by means of DSC, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), stress-strain tests, and microindentation. Shape-memory properties were evaluated under free and totally constrained conditions. All results were compared with an industrial epoxy thermoset prepared from standard diglycidyl ether of Bisphenol A (DGEBA). Results revealed that materials prepared from 3EPOPh were more reactive and showed a tighter network with higher crosslinking density and glass transition temperatures than the prepared from DGEBA. The partial substitution of 3EPOPh by TPTE as epoxy comonomer caused an increase in the molecular mobility of the materials but without worsening the thermal stability. The shape-memory polymers (SMPs) prepared from 3EPOPh showed good mechanical properties as well as an excellent shape-memory performance. They showed almost complete shape-recovery and shape-fixation, fast shape-recovery rates, and recovery stress up to 7 MPa. The results obtained in this study allow us to conclude that the triglycidyl phloroglucinol derivative of eugenol is a safe and environmentally friendly alternative to DGEBA for preparing thermosetting shape-memory polymers.

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Electroactive High‐Temperature Shape Memory Polymers with High Recovery Stress Induced by Ground Carbon Fibers

Cited by 24 publications

References 51 publications

Recent Progress on Electroactive Polymers: Synthesis, Properties and Applications

Recent Progress on Electroactive Polymers: Synthesis, Properties and Applications

Shape-Memory Polymeric Artificial Muscles: Mechanisms, Applications and Challenges

Bio-Based Epoxy Shape-Memory Thermosets from Triglycidyl Phloroglucinol

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