Electroactive 4D Porous Scaffold Based on Conducting Polymer as a Responsive and Dynamic In Vitro Cell Culture Platform

Abstract

In vivo, cells reside in a 3D porous and dynamic microenvironment. It provides biochemical and biophysical cues that regulate cell behavior in physiological and pathological processes. In the context of fundamental cell biology research, tissue engineering, and cell-based drug screening systems, a challenge is to develop relevant in vitro models that could integrate the dynamic properties of the cell microenvironment. Taking advantage of the promising high internal phase emulsion templating, we here designed a polyHIPE scaffold with a wide interconnected porosity and functionalized its internal 3D surface with a thin layer of electroactive conducting polymer poly(3,4ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) to turn it into a 4D electroresponsive scaffold. The resulting scaffold was cytocompatible with fibroblasts, supported cellular infiltration, and hosted cells, which display a 3D spreading morphology. It demonstrated robust actuation in ion-and protein-rich complex culture media, and its electroresponsiveness was not altered by fibroblast colonization. Thanks to customized electrochemical stimulation setups, the electromechanical response of the polyHIPE/PEDOT scaffolds was characterized in situ under a confocal microscope and showed 10% reversible volume variations. Finally, the setups were used to monitor in real time and in situ fibroblasts cultured into the polyHIPE/PEDOT scaffold during several cycles of electromechanical stimuli. Thus, we demonstrated the proof of concept of this tunable scaffold as a tool for future 4D cell culture and mechanobiology studies.

Preparation of PANI/CuPc/PDMS Composite Elastomer with High Dielectric Constant and Low Modulus Assisted by Electric Fields

“…Electroactive polymers (EAPs) can be divided into ionic EAPs and electronic EAPs according to their driving mechanisms [ 1 , 2 , 3 ]. Ionic EAPs respond to the electric field by the diffusion of ions in the material, which requires an electrolyte environment to work, and hence, limits their applications in dry or extreme environments [ 4 , 5 ].…”