Electro-oxidation of Methanol on NiO-Promoted Pt / C and Pd / C Catalysts

Shen, Pei Kang; Xu, Chen; Zeng, Rong; Liu, Yingliang

doi:10.1149/1.2139975

Cited by 89 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 27 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…For current density values below 3 mA cm −2 , the potential remains stable with the time, whereas at current density of 3 mA cm −2 the potential gradually increases up to 800 mV vs SCE (1500s), leading to the oxygen evolution reaction, and the poisoning of the catalyst. 29 As discussed at length by Zhao et al, 30 Ptbased MOR catalysts generally present poor operational stability due to the formation of CO intermediate species. Despite the inevitable CO 2 poisoning, these results are comparable with published durability tests (Table 1S).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrically Bloomed Platinum Nanoflowers on Exfoliated Graphene: An Efficient Alcohol Oxidation Catalyst

Zhang

Lopes

et al. 2016

J. Electrochem. Soc.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Platinum (Pt) based electrocatalysts have electrochemical performance that outperforms many other noble metal and metal oxide based materials. Increasing performance allows a reduction in the platinum load, and thus reduce the cost of various devices such as fuel cells. A double pulse electrochemical approach was developed to nucleate and grow Pt nanoparticles into flower shaped assemblies on graphene sheets. The unique morphology and structure of the Pt were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The electrocatalytical activities of the Pt nanoflowers were evaluated using methanol and ethanol oxidation as model reactions. This proposed method has led to the synthesis of Pt nanoflowers with the ability to control, both their density and their size on defect free graphene. Alternative and renewable energy sources such as hydrogen and fuel cells provide a great opportunity to overcome the challenge of pollution and energy crises.1 However, cost, performance, and durability of these energy sources are major barrier for their wide-spread commercialization. It is the key driver behind the significant research on electrocatalysts that are used for various energy devices. Carbon supports, such as carbon black, Vulcan X and Ketjen Black, are generally used as supports for electrocatalysts for electrochemical applications. These electrodes using these carbon supports, however, present some important limitations such as inadequate corrosion resistance caused by electrochemical oxidation, structural deterioration, as well as the detachment of the active metal phase. Compared to carbon black, graphene, a two-dimensional carbon nanostructure, exhibits a higher corrosion resistance, high surface area and outstanding electronic, thermal, and mechanical properties; and is anticipated to be a promising replacement for conventional carbon supports.2-4 Recently we have developed an electrochemical exfoliation approach that reproducibly produced graphene at high yield and purity with the ability to modify graphene with polystyrene sulfonate to prevent re-stacking of the sheets. 5Making Pt-based electrocatalysts more-efficient is crucial as this directly leads to less precious metal usage, i.e. lower cost.6 Attempts to optimize the platinum utilization have occurred in parallel with the development of new ways to produce Pt nanostructures with smaller size and a better Pt dispersion on the support. 7 Several techniques have been explored in an attempt to produce efficient Pt electrocatalysts including chemical and physical methods such as chemical reduction [8][9][10] or sputter deposition techniques. 11-13 However, these techniques either lead to high metal loading with poor control of the size distribution or have proven difficult to scale up.9,14 Although great effort has been made toward the development of chimie douce production of shape-controlled Pt nanoparticles, hierarchical nanostructures with high specific surface area remain a challenge. 15 Additiona...

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrically Bloomed Platinum Nanoflowers on Exfoliated Graphene: An Efficient Alcohol Oxidation Catalyst

Zhang

Lopes

et al. 2016

J. Electrochem. Soc.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Carbon black-supported Pd-Ni is another widely reported alloy useful for carrying out the methanol oxidation. Different studies have demonstrated that presence of NiO in Pd catalysts can reduce the onset potential for the MOR, as well as increase the oxidation current densities [27]. It seems that nickel produces a similar effect to that for ruthenium in terms of the capacity to form OH ads at lower potentials than Pd.…”

Section: Carbon-supported Pd-alloysmentioning

confidence: 96%

Palladium-Based Catalysts as Electrodes for Direct Methanol Fuel Cells: A Last Ten Years Review

2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Platinum-based materials are accepted as the suitable electrocatalysts for anodes and cathodes in direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs). Nonetheless, the increased demand and scarce world reserves of Pt, as well as some technical problems associated with its use, have motivated a wide research focused to design Pd-based catalysts, considering the similar properties between this metal and Pt. In this review, we present the most recent advancements about Pd-based catalysts, considering Pd, Pd alloys with different transition metals and non-carbon supported nanoparticles, as possible electrodes in DMFCs. In the case of the anode, different reported works have highlighted the capacity of these new materials for overcoming the CO poisoning and promote the oxidation of other intermediates generated during the methanol oxidation. Regarding the cathode, the studies have showed more positive onset potentials, as fundamental parameter for determining the mechanism of the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and thus, making them able for achieving high efficiencies, with less production of hydrogen peroxide as collateral product. This revision suggests that it is possible to replace the conventional Pt catalysts by Pd-based materials, although several efforts must be made in order to improve their performance in DMFCs.

show abstract

“…Pt is very costly and its supply is limited and therefore there is a requirement to develop low Pt loading or Pt-free electrocatalysts. Recent work has shown that the kinetics of ethanol oxidation could be significantly improved in alkaline media even on Pt-free electrocatalysts [134].…”

Section: Alkaline Fuel Cells With Other Direct Liquid Fuelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrocatalysis in the Direct Methanol Alkaline Fuel Cell

Scott

2009

Electrocatalysis of Direct Methanol Fuel Cells

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Electro-oxidation of Methanol on NiO-Promoted Pt / C and Pd / C Catalysts

Cited by 89 publications

References 27 publications

Electrically Bloomed Platinum Nanoflowers on Exfoliated Graphene: An Efficient Alcohol Oxidation Catalyst

Electrically Bloomed Platinum Nanoflowers on Exfoliated Graphene: An Efficient Alcohol Oxidation Catalyst

Palladium-Based Catalysts as Electrodes for Direct Methanol Fuel Cells: A Last Ten Years Review

Electrocatalysis in the Direct Methanol Alkaline Fuel Cell

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About