Electro‐oxidation of Ethanol and Methanol on Pd/C, Pd/CNFs and Pd−Ru/CNFs Nanocatalysts in Alkaline Direct Alcohol Fuel Cell

Abstract

Pd/C, Pd/CNFs and PdÀ Ru/CNFs nanocomposite materials were utilized as anode nanocatalysts in lowtemperature alkaline direct alcohol fuel cells. The palladium based nanocatalysts performance and stability were firmly relying upon the attributes of the carbon nanofibers (CNFs). CNFs were successfully synthesized employing a chemical vapour deposition method. The nanocatalysts were synthesized by dispersing Pd and PdÀ Ru nanoparticles onto the CNFs surface using alcohol reduction method. The physical properties of the synthesized nanocatalysts were explored utilizing several techniques such as transmission electron microscope (TEM), scanning electron microscope-Energy dispersive x-ray (SEM-EDX), X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES) and confirmed successful synthesis of Pd/C, Pd/ CNFs and PdÀ Ru/CNFs nanocomposite. TEM showed that Pd and Ru nanoparticles were uniformly dispersed on the CNFs support surface. ICP-OES determined the palladium and ruthenium concentration in Pd/C, Pd/CNFs and PdÀ Ru/CNFs nanocatalysts to be Pd (7.67 %), Pd (7.74 %), Pd (7.82 %) and Ru (3.22 %) respectively. The three prepared nanocatalysts were evaluated by cyclic voltammetry (CV), chronoamperometry (CA) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) in the evaluation of ethanol and methanol oxidation reactions. CV, CA and EIS experiments of PdÀ Ru/CNFs nanocatalyst displayed superior activity towards alcohol oxidation reaction in alkaline conditions than Pd/CNFs and commercial Pd/C nanocatalysts.

Iron Oxide‐Carbon Black Promotional Effect on Palladium Nanoparticles Toward Ethylene Glycol Oxidation in Alkaline Medium: Experimental and Computational Studies

“…[ 44 ] Different semi‐circle diameters at different frequencies were observed for the electrocatalysts; the smaller semi‐circle indicates a smaller electron charge transfer impediment and a higher electrocatalytic activity. [ 45 ] The semi‐circle diameter of the as‐synthesized electrocatalysts decreases in the following order: Pd/C commercial > Pd/CB > Pd/Fe 2 O 3 > Pd/Fe 2 O 3 –CB. The observed small semi‐circle diameter of Pd/Fe 2 O 3 –CB indicates a reduced charge transfer resistance, as indicated in Table 4 , and improved electrocatalytic performance.…”

A comprehensive and critical review of the recent progress in electrocatalysts for the ethanol oxidation reaction

“…In the long-term stability (2000 s) and impedance testing (11.20 Ohm), it was observed that during the ethanol oxidation test, the poisoning tolerance, current density, stability, and rate of charge transfer of the Pd–Ru/CNFs was much better than Pd/CNFs and commercial Pd/C nanocatalyst. 132 …”

Fabrication and Characterization of an Electrochemical Platform for Formaldehyde Oxidation, Based on Glassy Carbon Modified with Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes and Electrochemically Generated Palladium Nanoparticles

“…Additionally, it plays a crucial role in environmental technologies, acting as a catalyst for the combustion of petroleum products in automobile engines, facilitating hydrogenation reactions, and serving as a precursor in metallization processes for non-metallic materials such as fiberglass and ceramics used in electronics [29][30][31]. The versatility of Pd extends to its use in various types of sensors [32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40]. The production of Pd nanoparticles (PdNPs) employs various methods, encompassing physical techniques like physical vapor deposition and magnetron sputtering, chemical methods such as chemical vapor deposition and chemical reduction of metal ions, as well as electrochemical deposition [38,41,42].…”