“…Similarly, one notices from Fig.7 that the phase amplitude decreases as temperature rises, and decreases rapidly with voltage increasing, and the maximum ∆n is located at 28 • C, which indicates that the Mn:Fe:KTN crystal exhibits a strong EO effect near the Curie temperature, just as reported in other works. [21][22][23][24][25] Besides KTN single crystals, other ABO 3 solid-solution compounds like KNTN crystals and PMN-PT ceramics, have also been reported as exhibiting a strong quadratic EO effect near the Curie temperature and at temperatures beyond T C , the EO coefficients decrease rapidly, which has been connected with the polar nanoregions (PNRs) found in crystals near T C . 22 Comparing phase distribution for TE mode and TM mode in Mn:Fe:KTN crystal at the same temperature, we can find that, the phase amplitude value increases with increasing voltage for both TE mode and TM mode and the value increases fast for TM light while slowly for TE light.…”