Electro-optic crosslinkable chromophores with ultrahigh electro-optic coefficients and long-term stability

Abstract

The development of organic electro-optic materials with ultrahigh electro-optic coefficients and high long-term alignment stability has always been the most challenging topic in this field. Next generation of crosslinkable nonlinear...

From byproducts to NLO-active dyes: catalyst-free transfer hydrogenation in the modular synthesis of merocyanines

“…We selected the 1,1,7,7-tetramethyl-substituted 8-butoxyjulolidine donor ( JD1 ) and the hemicyanine consisting of a π-conjugated trienyl precursor with a terminal TCF acceptor group (hereafter TCF-A1 ), two widely used building blocks for push–pull chromophores, 8–10,15–18 to start the study (Fig. 3).…”

“…In our quest of simple and highly efficient synthetic protocols for new TCF-based push–pull structures, the present work was initiated in studying the feasibility of direct condensation between the julolidine donors and TCF-based hemicyanine precursors, which are considered as among the most widely used conjugated units with structural diversity and synthetic scalability. 8–10,15–18 Following the condensation with methylene bases, we expected that the C-9 position of the substituted phenyl ring would be the predominant nucleophilic site for julolidines to react with π-conjugated TCF hemicyanines and form type-I products under normal conditions (Path I, Fig. 2D).…”

Review on sensors for electric fields near power transmission systems

“…Zhang et al [120] tested a polymer specifically for AC applications with strong fields. EO polymers can exhibit very high EO coefficients of up to 300 pm V −1 [136][137][138] while the refraction index is in the order of magnitude of 2. Another example is discussed in [139], where an integrated waveguide Mach-Zehnder interferometer exploits an EO-polymer placed on a coupled micro-ring resonator.…”

Perspectives of thin-film lithium niobate and electro-optic polymers for high-performance electro-optic modulation

“…Among the various crosslinking reactions reported, the [4+2] cycloaddition reaction between anthracene-ene stands out as the most commonly employed reaction in the field of crosslinked EO polymers. 63,[105][106][107][108] This reaction offers rapid kinetics, high reaction selectivity, and does not generate any byproducts or cause material degradation. Previous studies on crosslinked EO materials primarily focused on crosslinking reactions between polymer segments or between chromophores and polymer segments to achieve structural solidification.…”